On the EVM

 EVM FRAUD CONCOCTION


POTENTIAL KEY INGREDIENTS OF THE CONCOCTION : -


PLAYER GROUP A:

Potentially SOME : Non-Indian-Origin Mega Corporations spanning the globe.

Even quite a few countries, as well, mostly Western... may be added.

1) Any of these mega corps. may or might not have significant presence in India. However - they could be well entrenched in their own or some niche segments; Or,

2) Those set of people that would like/ want to create or get into new and massively profitable business opportunities/ segments in India, etc.

Mega Corps. that are ever desirous of lucratively adding to their toplines and bottomlines. Basically new markets that potentially promises increased business back home... that enriches them further... filling their coffers.

Any perceptive individual can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP A.


PLAYER GROUP B:

Potentially SOME : Special Interest Group ( SIG ) comprising Indian business or corporate houses.

1) Mega Indian business tycoons &/or personalities &/or corporate houses that are ever so desirous to get into massive expansive mode; on the back of -

- new struggling types &/or old set of well entrenched politicians;

2) These SIGs could be within the country as well as across other nation states spanning continents ( like... Indian MNCs based overseas. )

3) Even Indian or non-Indian Mega Corps. that are actually run by a set of PIOs in foreign countries... yet having strong linkages back home in India.

Any perceptive individual can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP B.


PLAYER GROUP C:

Potentially SOME : well entrenched Special Interest Group ( SIG ) from the political class.

1) Cutting across party lines, inherently, these political elements could be in quite some friendly terms with each other.

Sure-shot points of affiliation/ differentiation across this SIG might be any/ many of : -

home-state/ region/ religion/ caste/ clan/ class/ political outlook/ social outlook/ class/ social status/ political status, (c)overt bloodlines branching out as multiple stand-alone ( endo or exo ) gamous caste or social groupings, etc.

More importantly -
there is a certain possibility that outwardly/ ostentatiously overtly they could be sworn political/ social, ( or, whatever ) etc. RIVALS.

Covertly, behind public's back - they could be close buddies bunched up together. Working at arriving at common & covert goals. So called "joint family" approach.

2) Not to forget that there are political/ economic/ social dynasties at national, regional, state and district level that are real powerful. And... quite well entrenched.

Especially... those having a national presence or a presence spanning state(s) are a major force to be reckoned with.

Perceptive individuals can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP C.


PLAYER GROUP D:

Potentially FEW of the very well-connected and important personnel from any/ all across the -

- bureaucracy/ police/ judiciary/ armed forces/ intel agencies, etc.

Who all... have aims of getting into a new avatar in the political system.

Else... they desire to get their own fronts-men placed in key positions across the government/ governance.

For... these guys know the system way too... well.

Potentially... having strong connections spanning Player Groupings B: & C: above, as well.

Or, perhaps they are there on their own strength and mutual back-pattings.

They have been well entrenched since a few decades, perhaps. Or, assiduously planning a new set of innings since quite some time.

Any perceptive individual can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP D.



PLAYER GROUP E:


Broker ( read as = Dalal ) type elements.

Power brokers.

Deal brokers.

Makers, shakers and breakers.

1) Such elements/ SIGs - active at the state, regional, national and international level.

Significantly...

Anything and everything is possible for them, for their 'correct' price. If not the price, then, to create "obligation" reference points for potential ( near, medium-term, far ) future compounded obligation cash-outs/ encashments (?).

Getting to extract a price/ goodwill creation is what matters to them. Anything else does not count.

Their GOD and driving affiliation is to mullah ( = maal ) alone. Power and pelf as their commission, in forms, format, scale and means that are mutually agreed between set of diverse entities/ parties !

Could be said. Mostly, unsaid.

To pay off... in future times... to come.

...
...
...

PAYOFF TIME vs PAYBACK TIME (?)

...

Their...
Potential allegiance of the majority of these outlined SIG element groupings is to certain individuals and to money and not to the nation or people.

Crony stooges to some corporate houses and perhaps some political parties or dynasties, as well, perhaps.

An example...
possibly... running rampant across the MSM.

They keep on donning new clothes, new avatars. Churning out endless stories. Goebbels like propaganda.

Now, some of these SIG elements having playing fields in the national or international arena/ levels are very resourceful... having real... strong connections.

Strong affiliations and partnerships and relationships... in the top-line/ bottom-lines administration, political parties, military or defence establishments/ segments, intel agecies, some key industrial complexes, etc. ... is a certain, sureshot possibility here.

These SIG elements are game changers to the hilt.

Them guys have the wherewithals to take unimaginable projects and deals to successful completion.

Any perceptive individual can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP E.

Let pragmatic imagination decide.



PLAYER GROUP F:

1) Certain 'minority' sections/ segments/ 'vote bank' GROUPS within the INDIAN society. They could be having prominent sections/ leaders that might have potential segregationary outlook.

Some rabble rouser types.

2) They could be getting foreign fundings from abroad, maybe through some disguised/ covert NGOs'.

What about -
Covert NGOs' posing as pseudo-fronts... ?

There is 100 % possibility that the foreign funds filling the coffers of quite some these NGOs' could be coming from nation states through their shady frontsmen/ disguised potential players.

Those masterly foreign funders sitting overseas could have intentions, no matter what, that changes with time. Bordering on - inimical or nefarious, at times.

3) Another direct / indirect sources could be purported missionary/ charitable/ social welfare/ educational/  health-care, etc. undertakings financed by the overseas missions (?) / overlords of these NGOs.

Even a lot of fundings from the plethora of these countries could be directed against our national interests and ethos.

Under various dubious garbs.


NOTE -

These widely spread stand-alone divergent sections/ segments could potentially converge i.e. come together OR could be brought together by an external set of controlling powers.

Without the GoI or the very best of the security agencies ever realizing - who all are the external players actually pulling the strings.

Alternatively, they can choose to co-operate and participate towards some specific common/ (c)overt agenda.
 
Say, to start with... keep a political party, an ideology, individual(s), etc. in/ out of the power scene.

Alternatively, to gradually and assiduously empower their designated people at the higher or highest levels of governance.

For some covert vested interest... to fructify... down the line ?

Note... these set of people - as in 1) , 2) &/or 3).

No matter what. Whatever it takes.

It could suit them and their basically (c)overt native/ overseas masters.

Any perceptive individual can create a scope point, for PLAYER GROUP F.


NOTE THIS  -
Now, do we have the key potential ingredients, potentially identifiable players ?

The individual sectional players ( from SIG Groupings A to F; there is bound to be overlap amongst these SIG groups. With some set of individuals that are capable of spanning any or all the major groups, as well. ) working in cahoots to strike out a mutually agreed or agreeable common agenda/ objective. Whatever that might be. Whatever it takes.

...
...

NOT YET.

WITNESS NOW, On behalf of PAYERS GROUP - SIG A to F, ENTERS - PLAYER GROUP G.


PLAYER GROUP G:

A crack team. Set of individuals. Meticulously cherry picked. From -

1) Ultra high TECH &/ or IT specialists. Some of them are experts on technologies that might be  military grade.

Bleeding edge hi-tech IT/ IT Security experts.

2) Some could be cyber experts. To say - IT system hackers.

3) Experts / groups / stealth organizations, etc.- having expertise in some of these techniques and technologies that could  be hitherto 5-10-15-20-25-30-40 years from commercialization or coming to mankind's common usage/ knowledge.

Some of these people could be knowing technologies that are possibly so secretive that they never can see the light of day in any commercial usage.

Do such specialists exist ?  Perhaps, some sort of super sci-fi tech specialists. They sure do.

Where do you go and get them ?
They could be potentially from anywhere in the planet, spanning all nation states as the country of their origin.

...
...

Some thoughts on a high degree of probability of getting them enlisted ( in our context ) towards a common cause ( thereby they get on-board as part of the SIG ) are -

a) The major concentration could be US Department of Defense ( DoD ) ex-contractors or ex-sub-contractors. Having thorough systems engineering expertise.

Some... private players ( say ).

Equally important will be high technical competency/ expertise in the advances in the electronics/ wireless/electrical/ material sciences and the use of some of the key technologies and methods to achieve 'THE' desired end result.

NOTE -

Additionally, backup support in their native country of origin using the highly effective and efficient covert intelligence network in cahoots with some decidedly deviant native ( say - Indian ) set of 'support' people while these guys operate in India. These backup support people can very well backup as 'change' agents + managers.


b) Top gun IT Security domain specialists ( perhaps of @@Jewish origin ? ) having to provide the key systems integration & support of some of the key IT security related aspects.

Complete 'Security engineering' oversight as in a Systems engineering perspective.

{{

@@Jewish : Reminds one of Judea.  ...Of the mid-east.  ...Of the ancient days AryaVarta.  ...That spread from Persia to... all the upper tracts of the Narmada river... and Magadh desh... perhaps beyond too. ...Of the river Saraswarti drying up. ...And, the denizens of the areas surrounding the river Saraswati... a large part of them moved to India... mostly around the gangetic plains. And a good number of these guys moved to middle east and beyond ( Italy, Greece, etc. ) European nations. There is definitely a close linkage between the jews abounding the world and the priestly class ( = brahmin ) in India. People... have to understand this. Well... and fast. This is NOT the bull that Captain dishes out. This is straight.

}}

c) Integrated Chip ( IC ) fabrications facility as one might expect in any ( let's say ) Asian country. Let us assume either- Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, etc.

One guesses that the key tech work is often to be done by a set of extremely high calibred tech. professionals who are essentially highly well-secretive people.

This is done - perhaps away from their mainstream line of business or work area. So, perhaps some low key Asian country is chosen as the manufacturing hub, to deflect attention ( this is all guesstimate. Plain. Simply hypothetical. Based on the natural flow of 'limited' reasoning, thought processes and perception. )

...
...
...

Having scoped a set of overlapping SIG elements ( = covert groupings ) who might form a covert set-up/ framework with a definitive purpose.

NOW RECAP -

Lok Sabha ELECTIONS IN the years - 2004, 2009 ...

Large scale EVM frauds were markedly observed & reported across the nation. As a result, there is a belief that the actual/ desired/ desirable poll results were sabotaged and subverted. With the result that shocked many/ most/ almost everyone on the wrong side vis-a-vis the expectations.


EVM SCENARIO as of May, 2014 LS polls -

Nearly 14.5 lakhs of EVM machines were used in the LS 2014 general elections.

These machines/ systems required foolproof safety and security mechanism/ apparatus.

...
...

Now...
This EVM system SECURITY need has a certain LIFE CYCLE requirements, which can be detailed as belows -

INCEPTION OF DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION -

A) Need for a sound and rather sturdy EVM Hardware design,

B) Need for a foolproof and secure Systems Software Design & implementation,

C) Procuring of the needed hardware from the most secure and reliable of sources.

Perhaps production and subsequent usage of in-house ( within the country ) hardware and peripherals rather than procuring from an external country/ third party.

D) Absolute/ requisite need for - non-duplicability of the needed hardware. In case if that is ever attempted... then this tampering must be easily identifiable / detectable by the authorities.

E) Software/ firmware design and implementation to remain robust, secure & fail-safe; to the very best extent possible,

F) DIFFICULTY TO REPLICATE/ REPLACE THE UNDERLYING CIRCUIT LAYOUT ( = the PCB ) OF THE EVM SYSTEM. In case if that is ever attempted... then it must be easily identifiable / detectable.

These are some very broad spectrum requirements. Not very specific in scope. The actual set of requirements could be a factor of 10 or 20 to these. Numbering around - possibly 50 to 100  to 200, say.

...
...
...

DYNAMICS OF SAFE STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF EVM MACHINES -

At a later date, when, after assembly and testing the EVM is ready to be field deployed. Generally... it is kept in a central storage location.

And... the EVMs are to be shipped across the nation, for local electioneering purposes that requires :

STORAGE-> USAGE-> STORAGE just BEFORE-> DURING-> AFTER the actual polls are held.

CAN WE SAY THAT THE EVM SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN MOST SAFELY STORED AND TRANSPORTED WITH 100 % SECURITY, IN PLACE. i.e there was or is a FAIL-SAFE, FOOL-PROOF SECURITY SYSTEM IN PLACE ?

WHAT ABOUT PROBABLE HUMAN ERROR(S) - by LAPSE, or BY VOLITIONAL/ NON-VOLITIONAL CHOICES OF WILFUL WRONG-DOING ?


THREAT_SCENARIO_ONE -

There could be possibly 'N' number of ways someone can access the EVM Systems and replace a whole batch of EVMs' with exactly similar kind... another set ??

With the result that each one of the EVMs' in the set exactly duplicating another one ( only ) of the EVMs' from the batch. One to one exact mapping is certainly possible.

Is... one-to-one mappings of each and every ids' / marking / security features on the EVM, really possible ?

I suggest - YES !!

...
...

For...

The commonality being the unique identification marks to be found on the body of the EVM and the Circuit board ids, etc. and, the ( supposedly ) EXACTLY the same components as one who manufactured the EVM would expect.

Is it possible that -
Even the best possible means of visual/ analog / digital examinations or forensics may/ would not find the counterfeit EVM to be different than the original one ?

What IFF each and every component is ( supposedly ) found to be the same. By visual markings, and by regular lab forensic tests. What happens now ... ?

Do we still conclude that everything is... rather good ?

This shouts at a grave national security problem.


THREAT_SCENARIO_TWO -

What if one counterfeit EVM has a replaced motherboard... that potentially might have any/ all of the following counterfeit components ( this covers almost all the components ) - all of which might mimic, every which ways, the actual components used in the 'real' EVM...

a) electric/ electronic components,

b) on-board etched circuitry as on the standard PCB,

c) if the loose wiring used to connect the different segments of a PCB are specially made with materials and technologies far ahead of our times - say, 10-20-30 years ahead of the technology known to us, at the moment.


PROBABLY... THIS -

Now, what happens if a batch of EVMs' is altogether/ completely siphoned off and replaced by exact similar EVMs' - with ALL the designated external and internal identification markings remaining exactly the same. Let's say, the whole circuit-board inside the EVM is replaced by a trojan-loaded circuit board having an embedded trojan firmware and software - all of which... under ALL NORMAL circumstances does what it was/ is supposed to do as per the legitimate design. Though, a bit more, as well when the situation deviates from normal.

This board contains an exact replica of the hardware and as also, the firmware and the software program ?

Seems OK ? But that may not be so ... !!!

For, there might be potentially 'N' number of ways the Hardware, Firmware or Software might be replaced by exactly similar clones.

But, these have certain additional properties that may be conditionally activated under a set of 'N' number of different situations/ conditions.

We have to understand that the circuit board also contains components that include ICs' ( Integrated Circuits ), as well. All/ any of which are highly replicable and replaceable.


The current IC Fab + IC technology... of... 'what' is actually "NOT known to us in the public domain" is quite well ahead of our times... by 20-50 years.


NEXT GENERATION Tampering methodologies might be already in active usage.


SOME OF THE HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIOS, THAT MAY BE DISCUSSED HERE ARE -

1) WIRELESS HACKS.

DURING &/ or AFTER THE POLLING. WIDE GAMUT OF WIRELESS TRICKS ARE ENTIRELY POSSIBLE.


2) SPECIAL 'TROJAN' HANDS-ON COMMAND(S) THAT MAY ACTIVATE ANY DESIRED FUNCTIONALITY IN THE EVM.

The commands may be sent remotely, over the wireless channel.

   SOMETHING LIKE -

   a) MAKE A SPECIFIC POLITICAL PARTY / CANDIDATE LOSE OR WIN.

   b) STATISTICALLY MANIPULATE THE VOTES POLLED IN A PREDETERMINED OR CALCULATED MANNER. PER SOME DYNAMIC ALGO.


3) ASSUMING THAT 5-10-15-20 % OF THE EVMs' ARE... ANYTIMES... OR... AT ONE TIME OR THE OTHER... REPLACED BY ANOTHER SET OF 'HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED" COUNTERFEIT EVM SYSTEMS.

USING UNDERLYING HARDWARE/ FIRMWARE/ SOFTWARE FAR AHEAD OF CURRENT KNOWN TECHNOLOGIES.

BUT EXACTLY MIMICKING THE INDIAN GOVT. DESIGNED/ DEPUTED SYSTEMS IN A 100 % MANNER. VISIBLY.

THESE EVM SYSTEMS MAY BE PURPORTEDLY REPLACED SOLELY - TO BE PROGRAMMABLE AS PER A SPECIFIC CONSTITUENCY'S VOTER DYNAMICS. OR, BETTER STILL, AS PER A SPECIFIC POLLING BOOTH DYNAMICS.

...
...
...


SOME SOLUTION/ EXPECTATIONS ( LS POLLS 2019 and BEFORE )

SOLUTION ?

DIRE NEED FOR PAPER TRAILS. Not the kind Dr SuSw wants and has settled for, although.


WHY and HOW ?? of the paper trails. Some thoughts follow -


111) A VOTER, WHEN (S)HE ENTERS THE POLLING BOOTH IS TO BE GIVEN A UNIQUE ALPHA-NUMERIC or DIGITAL CODE IN THE FORM OF A STICKER. A BAR CODE AS WELL AS... AN ALPHANUMERIC CODE ( SAY, 16/20/32/48 CHARACTERS LONG ) IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE VVPAT/ PAPER TRAIL ( BOTH THESE ARE STAPLED TOGETHER AND DROPPED IN THE BALLOT BOX ) WHICH THE VOTER GETS WHEN HE/ SHE VOTES.


222) AS AND WHEN A VOTER PRESSES A KEY TO VOTE FOR A PARTY/ CANDIDATE - THE PRINTER ATTACHED TO THE EVM, THROWS OUT A UNIQUE PAPER TRAIL ( VVPAT ) SIGNALING/ DETAILING THE PARTY TO WHICH THE VOTE HAS BEEN CAST.

THE VVPAT PAPER TRAIL... MUST HAVE UNIQUE CREDENTIALS/ SIGNATURE, APART FROM SIGNIFYING THE PARTY THAT GOT THE VOTE.

THIS UNIQUE PAPER TRAILS MUST BE THE ONE THAT IS SEEN AS - THE ACTUAL VOTE and... MUST BE DEEMED/ COUNTED AS ONE.


333) THE PAPER TRAIL MUST INCLUDE THE PARTY/ CANDIDATE DETAILS.

- CODED DATE & TIME-STAMP COULD BE AN ADJUNCT REQUIREMENT.

- AS ALSO THE THE SEQUENCE NUMBER OF THE TOTAL NUMBERS POLLED BY THIS SPECIFIC PARTY/ CANDIDATE TO THE GROSS TOTAL OF ALL VOTES POLLED.

- THIS CAN BE A CRYPTICALLY CODED DATA FOR EC'S INTERNAL CONSUMPTION. SHALL IT EVER BE REQUIRED TO DO A POST POLL ANALYSIS / FORENSICS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY PURPOSES.


444) NOW... THIS UNIQUE ALPHANUMERIC CODE STUCK ON THE PAPER TRAIL IS TO BE DEPOSITED IN THE BALLOT BOX. THIS ACCOUNTS FOR THE 'ACTUAL' VOTE THAT THE VOTER HAS CHOSEN TO GIVE.

AND... ALL THESE STAPLED PAPER TRAILS IN THE BALLOT BOX MUST BE COUNTED TO DETERMINE THE ACTUAL WINNER OF THE POLLS. RATHER, TO RECONFIRM THE WINNER.


555) WHILST DURING THE ACTUAL COUNTING, ON THE RESULTS DAY -
ACTUALLY, THE EVM DATA PER PARTY CAN BE GOT ALMOST IMMEDIATELY.


666) WHEREAS... THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL EVM DATA PER CONSTITUENCY CAN PRETTY WELL GIVE AN UNCONFIRMED ( non-final ) REPORT OF THE PARTY/ CANDIDATE THAT WON THE FRAY.

THE CONFIRMATION HAS GOT TO BE DONE BY MANUAL COUNTING OF THE DEPOSITED 'UNIQUE' PAPER TRAILS IN ALL THE BALLOT BOXES COMBINED.

THE USUAL PRACTICE, AS WITH BALLOT PAPERS, THAT WAS IN VOGUE PREVIOUSLY.

So, effectively... the EVMs... at best... function as data entry points ( say... akin to computers ) to print out the REAL vote.

This is how... the EVMs MUST function... as a keying in input function... that renders an output in the form of a uniquely identifiable paper trail... which, in turn, must be stapled with a unique token and dropped in the ballot box. This is to be the actual process.

...
...
...

Conclude, do we -

Captain keeps on stating that even if a stone were to sit on India's throne... even then India is going to be a super power in the oncoming 15-16 years' time frame. Btw... he has failed to specify whether the form of the stone is to be any of - coal, lime, any of the precious gems or a brilliantly cut and glittering diamond. Well... there is a difference between a coal and brilliantly cut piece of diamond - both are essentially carbon... yet so different.

Do I sense Captain's finger prints on this whole EVM stuff ?

In that case... do I suppose that the key of the EVM lies with the Captain and mates ?

Is that the reason that... the reason for his and his mates' going nuts... since May, 2009.

Starting the May, 2009 post with Nikolas Tesla... radiating electro magnetic / energy fields... induced energy... inducted power... natural resonant frequencies of diverse materials that might be sitting on the PCB of the EVM system... etc. are the thoughts that confront. Apart from Freescale semiconductors' KL02 chip.

...

I would consider that a section of the armed forces and our security agencies having a key to the EVM, MAY NOT be the best thing for the country. Especially for 95-98 % of the population. Assuming that our armed forces and security agencies are certainly dominated by a certain coterie groupings ( agglomerated broadly on - caste, language, regional, religion, etc. basis ) at or near the top of t‏heir rungs.

And, are our honorable jawans are bearing the brunt of someone's games ?

Please... be your own judge. Honorable folks. Use the requisite perception and your own inherent pure and flawless inner voice. Rather than going by the flow of endless/ relentless propaganda... Goebbels style.

...
...
...

I believe that these EVM manipulations are way too dangerous for the for 95+ % of the population country ?

In this context... frankly... and importantly...

Our freedom fighters did not give up their lives and everything so as to liberate the entire south Asia from the British imperial clutches. They mistakenly got us all a dominion of the 'common wealth'.

And... that's how we have got a few countries abounding... in South Asia. One of them is a country we reside in... now is our country to be held at the beck and call of a select few... rather than the wish, will and desire of the majority of the masses... at large ?


ADDENDA 1 -

There was a project report regarding market size of the Indian telecom / networking gear over a decade ( 2012-2024, let us say ). Perhaps by Deloitte or KPMG Consulting.

It stated that India would need to import telecom/ networking gears worth IN EXCESS OF USD - $ 1 TRILLION over a decade's time.

FYI, as of todays -

USD 1 trillion = INR 67 lakh crores !!

To give you just a rough estimate ( hypotehtical figures of a 10 year period ) -

Note ( 15+25+38+60+95+115+130+155+172+195 ) Billions == 1000 Billions !

Why MUST we import so much of the same stuff, from mostly, western countries ?


ADDENDA 2 - QUESTION :-

Whilst over the last two three decades... brilliant Indians have moved overseas to join and add to the IT revolution on a world-wide scale. From the western countries, major-ly. The GoI policies seems to be in the process of exporting all the best of the Indian talents overseas.

And, importing all the tech by-products... these same talents help produce in foreign countries... to our country... at pretty much highly exorbitant and inflated prices.

Getting... the export... import paradigm, in this context.

This is resulting in a never ending and ever rising technology import bill. On a rather massive scale.

While our own R&D efforts in this regards is NOT matching up in any which ways to several other Asian countries.

Someone MUST compare us with the PRC... and Japan... and Singapore.

Please NOTE -
The current technology imports ( this includes - smartphones, laptops, desktops, mobile handsets, HDDs, telecom and networking gears, etc. ) bill that is currently pushing our FOREX down by USD 80-100 Billions per year... in almost the next FIVE years ( by 2021-2022 ) is going to BALLOON to USD 400 Billions.

Almost a factor of FIVE, over the next five years ALONE.

FYI - ( Assuming that 1 USD = INR 70 approx. )

USD 100 Billions = INR Seven Lakh Crores.

So, USD 400 Billions = INR Twenty Eight Lakh crores.

Now... who thinks that this is some... petty change.

Is this NOT tantamount to accretion-ally in-volitionally ( by some-what-other means ) exporting the wealth of the nation to external locales ?

The excuse being - resurging Indian middle class and the consumer desire and payments for mostly imported electronics + electrical consumer goods and products.

Btw - the GoI does NOT seem to have plans and policies to check on this. And... this thingy is going to get out of control and spiral way too much... out of bounds.

...

Seems unmistakable.

Is this in-any-ways tantamount to covert siphoning of the wealth of the country to overseas locales ? Mostly western nations ?

Assumption/ say...
the cost of production is 10 bucks; We import the stuff at 25/ 30/ 50/ 100 or 200 bucks. And... do some set of guys benefit from this arrangement ? ( what about : 50-50 or 40-60or 30-70 of the nett gains on some of these pretty expensive imports ) ?

Btw - notable pointer...
Even the mega corps. based out of the Asian countries ( like - South Korea, Singapore, Japan, PRC, etc. ) have direct or indirect holdings in them by the western mega corps. mostly based out of NY, Wall Street or London or Hong Kong, etc. locales.


ADDENDA 3 - QUESTION :-

DO WE MAKE VOTING AS COMPULSORY ? AT LEAST 80 % VOTING MANDATORY.

...
...
...


Further let's seriously look at some URLs that once in a while pops upon this theme -



REFERENCE URLs -



REFERENCE URL # 01 : - 

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2012/11/evm-electronic-voting-machines-hacking.html


REFERENCE URL # 02 : - 

The Candid Eye

May 4, 2010

India’s Electronic Voting Machines Proven Insecure 

http://thecandideye.wordpress.com/tag/indiaevm-org/


REFERENCE URL # 03 : - 

http://www.indiaevm.org/

http://www.indiaevm.org/paper.html


REFERENCE URL # 04 : - 

http://bharathindustan.blogspot.in/2014/03/save-indian-democracy-stop-evm.html


FOR SURE... and PURELY IMPLYING an "e-coup d’etat" of sorts.



REFERENCE URL # 05 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/06/evm-rigging-elections-and-voting-fraud.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_1 : - 

क्या वोटिंग मशीनों का “चावला-करण” किया जा सकता है?

Electronic Voting Machines Fraud Rigging in Elections

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/05/electronic-voting-machines-fraud.html
Tuesday, May 26, 2009


REFERENCE URL # 05_2 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2010/08/evm-hacking-hari-prasad-arrested.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_3 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2011/12/evm-hacking-exposed-voting-machines-in.html

BOOK :-

Electronic Voting Machines - Unconstitutional and Tamperable ; ISBN 978-81-7094-798-1


REFERENCE URL # 05_4 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2010/08/evm-hacking-hari-prasad-arrested.html



REFERENCE URL # 05_5 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/06/evm-rigging-elections-and-voting-fraud.html



REFERENCE URL # 05_6 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/05/electronic-voting-machines-fraud.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_7 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2010/08/evm-hacking-hari-prasad-arrested.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_7_1 : - 

Book :- Electronic Voting Machines - Unconstitutional and Tamperable 

ISBN 978-81-7094-798-1



REFERENCE URL # 05_8 : - 

Tuesday, June 16, 2009

वोटिंग मशीनों का “चावलाकरण” – अन्य सम्भावना (विस्तारित भाग) EVM Rigging, Elections and Voting Fraud 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/06/evm-rigging-elections-and-voting-fraud.html



REFERENCE URL # 05_9 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2010/08/evm-hacking-hari-prasad-arrested.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_10 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/06/evm-rigging-elections-and-voting-fraud.html


REFERENCE URL # 05_11 : - 

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/05/electronic-voting-machines-fraud.html



REFERENCE URL # 06 : - 

http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/45296/



REFERENCE URL # 07 : - 

174 EVMs Conked Out During Polls in the State

http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/174-EVMs-Conked-Out-During-Polls-in-the-State/2014/04/12/article2164121.ece

By Nidhin T R - THRISSUR ; Published: 12th April 2014


REFERENCE URL # 08 : - 

अमेरिका के कुछ कम्प्यूटर इंजीनियरों द्वारा फ़्लोरिडा के गवर्नर चुनावों के बाद ई-वोटिंग मशीनों की संदिग्धता के बारे में एक रिपोर्ट की पीडीएफ़ फ़ाइल भी यहाँ देखें…

http://www.google.com/trends?q=electronic+voting+machine&ctab=398065024&geo=all&date=all


REFERENCE URL # 09 : - 

http://www.computer.org/portal/cms_docs_computer/computer/homepage/May09/r5pra.pdf

श्री साईनाथ 1964 की बैच के आईआईटी इंजीनियर हैं, फ़िलहाल अमेरिका में कम्प्यूटर साइंस के रिटायर्ड प्रोफ़ेसर हैं, और “Better Democracy Forum”  नाम की संस्था के अध्यक्ष भी हैं ।



REFERENCE URL # 10 : - 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5186650.stm



REFERENCE URL # 11 : - 

The embedding of wireless Transmitter/Receiver inside the control Unit of the EVM

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5186650.stm



REFERENCE URL # 12 : - 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/10123478.stm



REFERENCE URL # 13 : - IMPORTANT


"Tiny wireless memory chip debuts" ... AND, THIS WAS IN THE YEAR 2006 !!

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5186650.stm

Hewlett-Packard, HP has developed a tiny memory chip that can swap data wirelessly.


- This chip contains memory, modem, antenna and microprocessor.

- a chip the size of a grain of rice,

- can store 100 pages of text and swaps data via wireless has been developed by Hewlett-Packard.

- tiny chip was small enough to embed in almost any object.

...

"Quick chip" ( THIS WAS IN THE YEAR 2006 !! )
============

- The chip is 2-4 mm square ( this size is slated to massively reduce, going forwards ) and current versions can hold up to 512 kilobytes of data.

- the amount of memory on-board the tiny chip was likely to grow in future versions.

- data can be moved in and out of the chip at speeds of up to 10 megabits per second - far faster than is possible with other short-range radio systems such as Bluetooth or Radio Frequency ID tags.

- ( this is a notable pointer ) because the chips were so small and easy to make, they could be embedded in documents as they were printed,

- stuck to any surface or made into a book of self-adhesive dots


DEDUCED... DEDUCTION -

This actually means that our spanking new INR 2000/- and INR 500/- currency notes, brought out by the RBI, MUST be having these embedded 1-2 square mm wafer-thin chips on them... for sure !! Perhaps as... dots.

NOT A DOUBT REMAINS !!

...
...

- all the components to make the chip, including modem, antenna, microprocessor and memory, can be fabricated as a single unit helping to keep unit costs low.

- the devices could cost as little as one dollar each ( THIS COSTING WAS IN THE YEAR 2006 !! )

- No battery is needed because devices reading data from the chip will provide power... by induction.

By throwing variable or fixed electromagnetic field over the target.

...

The Memory Spot chip at HP's research laboratory in Bristol, UK.




REFERENCE URL # 14 : - 

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090310084844.htm



REFERENCE URL # 15 : - 

http://embedded-system.net/bluetooth-chip-with-gps-fm-radio-csr-bluecore7.html



REFERENCE URL # 16 : - 

http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/060717a.html



REFERENCE URL # 17 : - 

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/05/020530073010.htm



REFERENCE URL # 18 : - 

http://mae.pennnet.com/articles/article_display.cfm?article_id=294946



REFERENCE URL # 19 : - 

http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?id=338823&option=com_content&catid=35 



REFERENCE URL # 20 : - 

With thanks ...

http://www.saamana.com/2011/December/03/Link/Main1.htm

2009 आम चुनाव में शिवगंगा लोकसभा सीट -  पी. चिदम्बरम का निर्वाचन भी अभी तक संदेह के घेरे में है,

->  पहली मतगणना में - उस चुनाव में पी चिदम्बरम  300 वोटों से हार गये थे !

-> दूसरी बार मतगणना में - भी यह अन्तर बरकरार रहा (विभिन्न न्यूज़ चैनलों ने इसकी खबर भी प्रसारित कर दी थी) ! परन्तु ,

-> पी चिदम्बरम द्वारा तीसरी बार मतगणना की अपील किये जाने पर "आश्चर्यजनक रूप से" चिदम्बरम 3354 वोटों से विजयी घोषित हुए थे।

-> विपक्षी उम्मीदवार ने जो शिकायत की थी, उसका निराकरण भी पिछले 3 साल में नहीं हो सका…।



REFERENCE URL # 21 : - 

VERY GOOD PRESENTATION/ VERY COMPREHENSIVE BLOG/ EXCELLENT or VERY GOOD POST - 


Remote Controlling EVM – Manufacturing Election Result

http://psenthilraja.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/remote-controlling-evm-manufacturing-election-result/


Insertion of Trojan:

Consider the sivaganga constituency, where the result is changed at the last minute, but the news has been completely blocked.

...
...

- EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline battery manufactured by Bharat Electronics Ltd., Bangalore and Electronic Corporation of India Ltd., Hyderabad.

- This design enables the use of EVMs throughout the country without interruptions because several parts of India do not have power supply and/or erratic power supply.



REFERENCE URL # 21_1 : -

VERY GOOD PRESENTATION/ VERY COMPREHENSIVE BLOG/ EXCELLENT or VERY GOOD POST -

http://psenthilraja.wordpress.com/senthil

The VVPAT or the paper trails will NOT solve the EVM Fraud issue.

...
...

- Not just US and UK, all mature democracies DO NOT use EVMs.

- France, Germany, Canada, Japan etc do not use them.

- US uses EVMs only for local elections and those EVMs are with paper trail.

- More over a citizen can choose to use a ballot paper rather than an EVM.

- US State Dept wanted Egypt to use Indian EVMs.

- Is it that EVMs are used to subvert will of the people ?


Question -

Are EVMs a national security issue ?

Indeed so !!


REFERENCE URL # 21_2 : -

http://psenthilraja.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/remote-controlling-evm-manufacturing-election-result/#comment-5001


Read this comment posted by one nilesh... at the bottom of this post -

Search for...


nilesh says :   
July 1, 2010 at 6:45 pm



REFERENCE URL # 21_3 : -

http://psenthilraja.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/remote-controlling-evm-manufacturing-election-result/#comment-5005



REFERENCE URL # 22 : - 

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/03/24/64711/most-electronic-voting-isnt-secure.html



REFERENCE URL # 23 : - 

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/48508.html



REFERENCE URL # 24 : - 

http://media.mcclatchydc.com/smedia/2009/03/24/17/Gordon-electionmachines.source.prod_affiliate.91.pdf#storylink=relast


REFERENCE URL # 25 : -

Most electronic voting isn't secure, CIA expert says

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/03/24/64711/most-electronic-voting-isnt-secure.html


REFERENCE URL # 26 : - 

Most electronic voting isn’t secure, CIA expert says.

http://www.mcclatchydc.com/226/story/64711.html


REFERENCE URL # 27 : - 

Analysis finds e-voting machines vulnerable -

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-06-26-e-voting_x.htm



REFERENCE URL # 28 : - 

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090310084844.htm



REFERENCE URL # 29 : - 

Another HP article, that describes about the minute wireless chip that they had designed.

http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/060717a.html



REFERENCE URL # 30 : - 

An article in 2002, reporting about a wireless feature embedded within a chip.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/05/020530073010.htm



REFERENCE URL # 31 : - 

Nano Technology in US Military:

http://mae.pennnet.com/articles/article_display.cfm?article_id=294946



REFERENCE URL # 32 : - 

http://www.keralamonitor.com/electronicvoting.html

- The microchip used in EVMs is sealed at the time of import.

- It cannot be opened and any rewriting of program can be done by anyone without damaging the chip.

- Bharat Electronics Ltd and (BEl) the Electronic Corporation of India LTD (ECIL) - both are part of Indian Govt PSU's. They do NOT have much reputation for transparency.

Addenda -

Perhaps do these guys work on Captain's beck and call ?



REFERENCE URL # 33 : - 

This is an OLD piece of news... based on the rate of technology progression standards... yet...


Wanted for the Internet of Things ( IoT ) : Ant-Sized Computers

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/514101/wanted-for-the-internet-of-things-ant-sized-computers/

- Freescale started offering the KL02 CHIP, and some slightly larger microcontrollers,

- these come with Zigbee or low-power Bluetooth wireless integrated. 

- “Such wafer-scale packaging is getting close to ‘smart dust’ design points,”

- tiny sensors could eventually be scattered like dust to gather data.

- Freescale would add Wi-Fi to its compact chips.

- other wireless technologies that use the same frequency band but with lower power consumption are to be added.


REFERENCE URL # 34 : - 

The world’s most energy-efficient microprocessor

http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/worlds-most-energy-efficient-processor-from-arm-targets-low-cost-mcu-sensor-and-control-markets.php


REFERENCE URL # 35 : - 

The Electronic Frontier Foundation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation


REFERENCE URL # 36 : - 

Ars Technica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_Technica


REFERENCE URL # 37 : - 

Bruce Schneier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Schneier


REFERENCE URL # 38 : - 

With EVM how fraud proof our Election process is ?

http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/politics-society/10738-evm-how-fraud-proof-our-election-process.html



REFERENCE URL # 39 : - 

US scientists hack into India's EVMs, expose flaws

http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_us-scientists-hack-into-india-s-evms-expose-flaws_1386912



REFERENCE URL # 40 : - 

Political hype bugs anti-EVM champ

http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=11&contentid=2009070720090707204248898bdcd512&sectxslt=

Omesh Saigal was the first person to take up the issue of manupulating Electronic Voting Machines with the Election Commission of India after the Lok Sabha polls results were announced.


REFERENCE URL # 41 : - 

EVM tampering: Congress leader moves High Court

http://www.kalingatimes.com/odisha_news/news2009/20090708_EVM_tampering_Congress_leader_moves_High_Court.htm


REFERENCE URL # 42 : - 

EVM’s can be tampered, 'proves' Hyderabad's engineer

http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/EVMs-can-be-tampered-proves-Hyderabads-engineer/490785/

...
...

- Explaining the possibilities of manipulations and insertions of pre-programmed chips...

- Hari K Prasad of NetIndia and the NGO Election Group's Convenor V V Rao

- the chips are imported from Japan.

- there is a possibility of giving 'N' per cent of total votes polled through the EVMs by one particular candidate (party) if the chips are programmed in such a manner.


REFERENCE URL # 43 : - 

EVMs: Are they giving us right verdicts?

http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=9&theme=&usrsess=1&id=260707


REFERENCE URL # 44 : - 

EVM is not tamper-free & needs rectification : Dr Subramaniam Swamy to Delhi HC

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_evm-is-not-tamper-free-and-needs-rectification-swamy-to-delhi-hc_1349162



REFERENCE URL # 45 : - 

Dr Dill Letter to Election Commission of India Regarding EVM Vulnerability against fraud

http://www.scribd.com/doc/26954805/Dr-Dill-Letter-to-ECI

Dr. David L. Dill
Professor of Computer Science
Stanford University
Gates Bldg Rm 344
Stanford, CA 94305-9030
Office: (650) 725-3642
Fax: (650) 725-6949
[email protected]


February 3, 2010
Mr. Navin Chawla
Chief Election Commissioner
Election Commission of India
Nirvachan Sadan
Ashoka Road, New Delhi 110001


I am writing this letter at the request of Satya Dosapati from the Save Indian Democracy Organization with regard to the ongoing debate on the usage of EVMs in India. I am an American computer science professor who has spent significant time over the last six years on policy issues in electronic voting. During that time, I have founded two organizations, testified before the U.S. Senate, and appeared in several nationally distributed news shows and documentaries. I would like to share with you some facts and conclusions I have come to during that work.


``Resolution on Electronic Voting,'' 

In 2003, I authored the ``Resolution on Electronic Voting,'' which has been endorsed by thousands of computer professionals including many of the world's most respected computer scientists. It states: ``Computerized voting equipment is inherently subject to programming error, equipment malfunction, and malicious tampering.'' It is time to recognize the reality that there is no basis for public trust in paperless electronic voting equipment.



REFERENCE URL # 46 : - 

http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/politics-society/10738-evm-how-fraud-proof-our-election-process.html



REFERENCE URL # 47 : - 

EVM’s credibility questioned

http://beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article107694.ece

- Speaking about why Germany decided to discontinue with EVMs, attorney Dr. Till Jaeger said: “EVMs which were in use in Germany since 1998 were banned by a Supreme Court order in 2009.

- The use of EVMs was considered unconstitutional as long as there was no paper-based proof to show voting activity.”



REFERENCE URL # 48 : - 

VERY COMPREHENSIVE -

https://sites.google.com/site/hindunew/electronic-voting-machines


REFERENCE URL # 49 : - 

GOOD -
http://janamejayan.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/evms-tamperable-provide-evm-receipts-or-revert-to-paper-ballot-dr-subramanian-swamy-argues-in-sc/


REFERENCE URL # 50 : - 

http://www.keralamonitor.net/electronicvoting.html


REFERENCE URL # 51 : - 

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-06-26-e-voting_x.htm



REFERENCE URL # 52 : -  WAY TOO GOOD !!

Wanted for the Internet of Things: Ant-Sized Computers

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/514101/wanted-for-the-internet-of-things-ant-sized-computers/

...
...

- A computer two millimeters square is the start of an effort to make chips that can put computer power just about anywhere for the vaunted “Internet of Things.”

- Mini computer: The tiny KL02 microcontroller, made by Freescale, was created to enable swallowable wireless computers, and contains an energy efficient processor, memory, and RAM.

- A new microchip that is two millimeters square.

- The KL02 chip, made by Freescale, is shorter on each side than most ants are long.

- To integrate, into a single chip, components such as processors, memory, sensors, radios, and antennas that would usually be laid out across a circuit board.

- KL02 chip and some slightly larger microcontrollers, with Zigbee or low-power Bluetooth wireless integrated.

...
...
...

- A technology called redistributive chip packaging (RCP); RCP - needed very compact electronics able to withstand extremes of heat and pressure.

- RCP also makes it possible to stack up components and chips; one possibility being explored is using the process to integrate antennas, as well as radio circuits, into chips.

- “Such wafer-scale packaging is getting close to ‘smart dust’ design points,” - Prabal Dutta, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.

- referring to the idea that very cheap, tiny sensors could eventually be scattered like dust to gather data.

...
...
...

- all of the system components — sensing, computing, wireless communications, data storage, and power conversion, power consumption, designing radio-equipped sensors just one cubic millimeter in size.

- Freescale’s KL02 chip is based on a design announced by ARM last year as the world’s most energy-efficient microprocessorg.

...
...
...

- Freescale would add Wi-Fi to its compact chips later this year.

- In fact, other wireless technologies that use the same frequency band but with lower power consumption are to be added.

Digital Summit.

...
...

NATURAL OBSERVATION/ DEDUCTION -
Is it that these same/ similar set of tech experts  ( working and having expertise on the KL02 chips and IoT tech ) vanished in mid-air... along with the flight... during the Q1 of 2014 !!

Media report over the inetrnet seems to suggest... seems likely the case !!

So... what's actually up ??



REFERENCE URL # 53 : - 

Defective EVM 'transfers' all votes to Congress in Pune

Pune, April 17, 2014

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/defective-evm-transfers-votes-to-congress-in-pune-lok-sabha-polls/1/356191.html


REFERENCE URL # 54 : - 

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090310084844.htm

Ultra-thin Chip Embedding For Wearable Electronics

Date : March 17, 2009

Source : Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC)

...
...
...

- Technologists have created a new 3D integration process enabling flexible electronic systems with a thickness of less than 60 micrometer.

- This ultra-thin chip package (UTCP) technology allows integrating complete systems in a conventional low-cost flex substrate.

- This paves the way to low-cost, unobtrusive wearable electronics for e.g. wearable health and comfort monitoring.

...
...
...

DEDUCED/ DEDUCTION, yet again -

This actually means that our spanking new INR 2000/- and INR 500/- currency notes, freshly brought out by the RBI, MUST be having these features embedded in each of the freshly printed currency notes... for sure !!

NOT A DOUBT !!



REFERENCE URL # 55 : - 

What’s a Little Vote Fraud ?

http://beforeitsnews.com/u-s-politics/2014/04/whats-a-little-vote-fraud-2466268.html


REFERENCE URL # 56 : - 

India's Electronic Voting Machines Have Security Problems

April 29, 2010 By Ed Felten 

https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/felten/indias-electronic-voting-machines-have-security-problems/



REFERENCE URL # 57 : - 

http://blogs.newsx.com/saeednaqvi/2010/06/26/electronic-voting-machines-tamperable/


REFERENCE URL # 58 : - 

Source: http://www.socialcause.org/getarticlefromdb.php?id=2622  



REFERENCE URL # 59 : - 

Find out on google -

EVM ‘FIXERS’ DEMAND HEFTY SUMS (Part 1) by GVL Narasimha Rao, 27 May 2010 



REFERENCE URL # 60 : - 

http://www.indianevm.com/blogs/?p=166



REFERENCE URL # 61 : - 

Debate with Prof. Indiresan on his ‘Case for electronic voting machines’

Date:17/05/2010 

URL:http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/05/17/stories/2010051750350800.htm

...
...
...

From: S. Kalyanaraman <...@gmail.com>

Date: Fri, May 21, 2010 at 4:44 PM
Subject: Re: Indian EVMs tamper-proof? Scientists demonstrate how to hack the EVMs.

To: PV Indiresan <...@gmail.com>


REFERENCE URL # 62 : - 

German Supreme Court Judgement holding EVMs unconstitutional

Read on the full debate at http://www.scribd.com/doc/31720659/Debate-With-Prof-Indiresan


REFERENCE URL # 63 : - 

Scrap EVMs & introduce paper ballots: Save Democracy Org. writes to ECI.

Websites:  http://saveindiandemocracy.org , http://indianevm.com ,

Satya Dosapati

Save Indian Democracy Organization
New Jersey,  USA

Date:           May 5, 2010
Email:          saveindiandemocracy.org@gmail.com


Websites:  http://saveindiandemocracy.org , http://indianevm.com ,

Chief Election Commissioner
Election Commissioner
Election Commission of India
Nirvachan Sadan
Ashoka Road, New Delhi 110001

Dear Mr. Navin Chawla, Mr. S.Q. Quraishi, Mr. V.S. Sampath,

Our Organization Save Indian Democracy, consisting of active volunteers from India and the Indian Diaspora all over the world ,  was in earlier communication with you regarding our concerns on the usage of stand alone EVMs and their rejection across several countries in the world. We had presented you the statement regarding Indian EVMs by Stanford Dr. David Dill who is considered a pioneer in election reform in United States along with a personal letter of invitation to Mr. Chawla to visit Stanford to learn more about the EVM issues.   We have brought in the best world wide known international experts to India to attend various conferences and Press Meet and had extended invitation to you and the Expert Committee to meet with the experts.  Our organization have even extended invitation to you to come to US at our expense.  This is in addition to various Indian Organizations and activists who have been working hard to bring your attention to the issue for several months.

However, none of this elicited any response from you.   You have not engaged in any meaningful and honest debate other than bland assertions that Indian EVMs are not proven tamperable without subjecting them to any honest scrutiny in India or internationally. 


- You have kept from public that the patent submitted on the Indian EVMs to World Intellectual property Organization was withdrawn because they found all the 21 claims for patent are worthless (ref 1).

- The recent exposure of the real Indian EVMs with the help of international and national experts (ref 2) show that what we had feared all along is true and the many reports of issues both by individuals and the political parties during last few elections are on strong foot hold.

- ECI will engage into an honest debate on the issues of electronic voting.

- Dr. Dill and several others have asserted tamperability and insider tampering of stand alone EVMs are biggest threat to any country's democracy.

- Corruption Perception index of  India by Transparency International same as that of  war torn African country Rwanda,  the recent expose' of ease of tamperability of real Indian EVMs in combination with high risk of insider tampering puts a great urgency in addressing the issue.  

...
...

A paper on real Indian EVMs is already scheduled to be presented at one international conference by well known expert Rop Gongrijjp from Netherlands (ref 3).

1)      Expose the tamperability of real Indian EVMs in several international conferences.

2)      Expose the ease of tamperability of  real Indian EVMs to countries India is selling the EVMs, particularly Nigeria,  Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Namibia,  Mauritius, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangla Desh.  We are already in touch with Nigeria where the Election Commissioner was recently sacked for corruption.

3)      Explore and pursue bringing awareness to the Indian EVM issues to various international human rights  and election watch bodies.

4)      Work closely with other Indian counterparts to bring awareness to Indians  about the rejection of stand along EVMs around the world, the vulnerability of Indian EVMs etc

...
...

Some of the actions ECI may / must pursue are:

1)      Engaging in an honest debate with an open mind on tamperability of Indian EVMs  and the risk of insider tampering and explore ways to make Indian elections accountable and verifiable.

2)      Learn and understand the status of stand alone EVMs across the world and why even the most advanced countries rejected them due to reasons of  transparency, tamperability and insider tampering.  ( Note that, notwithstanding IT boom in India, the research on EVMs in India is minimal ).

3)      Recognize that even the countries with far less corruption than India and have reputable Electoral bodies are extremely concerned of insider tampering and have effectively done away with stand alone EVMs.

4)      Bold enough to reintroduce the paper ballots unless a well proven method could be found to make elections more secure.


Satya Dosapati

Save Indian Democracy



REFERENCE URL # 64 : - 

References : -

1)      Technical paper on how to tamper a real Indian EVM at http://indiaevm.org/paper.html

 (being submitted at Chicago and other international conferences)

2)      Video on how  to tamper a real Indian EVM by Rop Gongrijjp,  Hari Prasad, Alex Halderman.

Visit:  http://indiaevm.org/media.html  (scroll down)



REFERENCE URL # 65 : - 


- Withdrawal of patent application of EVM made at World Intellectual Property Organization,

www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2002093503

- look under claims for 21 claims for patent and under National Phase showing withdrawn.

...
...

Courtesy and thanks -

Pune Mirror, May 06, 2010

- The team, comprising Hyderabad-based NetIndia, Dr J Alex Halderman, a professor and noted expert on electronic voting security from the University of Michigan and Holland-based security expert Rop Gonggrijp, was instrumental in the ban on EVMs in the Netherlands.

- Last year, NetIndia Managing Director Hari Prasad had demonstrated how the instrument could have been tampered with, but he could prove this only theoretically as the election commission didn’t provide him with a real EVM.

- In fact, the vote-counting software in the EVMs is programmed to not allow the software to be read out and verified.

- “Since these chips are made in the US and Japan, this has led to a situation where nobody in India knows for sure what software is in these machines or whether it counts votes accurately,” reads the report.

...
...
...

Attack Two

- The votes stored in the EVM between the election and the public counting session can be changed by using a specially made pocket-sized device. 

- When you open the machine, you find micro-controllers, under which are electrically enabled programs, with ‘read-only’ memory. It is used only for storage. 

- However, Prasad warns, “You can read and write memory from an external interface. We have developed a small clip with a chip on the top to read votes inside the memory and manipulate the data by swapping the vote from one candidate to another.”


REFERENCE URL # 66 : - 


http://cms.mumbaimirror.com/portalfiles/29/62/201005/Image/evm4.jpg


REFERENCE URL # 67 : - 

Courtesy and thanks -

http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=62&contentid=201005062010050600232543c9f000db&sectxslt=

Insecure Indian electronic voting machines. Scrap them. Declare them unconstitutional

...
...

- ECI is a constitutional body entrusted with conducting elections, an expression of the sovereign will of the people.

- This means that ECI has to ensure that EVMs do NOT undermine the will of the people 

- This is the precise serious, intolerable situation that has arisen by the proof by experts that EVMs CAN undermine the will of the people.

- EVMs are tamperable, replaceable by fraudulent duplicates and are hence, unreliable as balloting and vote counting systems.

- Why should ECI insist on persisting with unsafe systems of Indian EVMs?

- In the face of such overwhelming advice of computer experts, why is Election Commission of India doggedly defending the indefensible, tamperable Indian EVMs ?

- Will ECI see reason and scrap EVMs? Will Supreme Court of India save democracy declaring EVMs unconstitutional as German Supreme Court has done, since EVMs violate the public nature of elections in a democratic republic?

- Who will save the field when the fence eats away the crop?



REFERENCE URL # 68 : - 

http://www.pcworld.com/printable/article/id,195328/printable.html



REFERENCE URL # 69 : - 

“The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) EVMs developed in Israel are rated as the most advanced machines in the world. But we have proved that they are vulnerable to all kinds of tampering,” - Avishai Wool, of the School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University.

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/chennai/evms-are-not-foolproof-says-computer-scientist-540


REFERENCE URL # 70 : - 

Dutch government bans electronic voting

http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=003AE63C-17A4-0F78-31DDDC0DCFA62609



REFERENCE URL # 71 : - 

Europe Rejects Digital Voting Machines

http://www.newsweek.com/id/199102/



REFERENCE URL # 72 : -  Must read...

With Thanks, from...

http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1993/electronic-voting-machine-excellent-tool


Very important observation by ...
Dr. Alex Halderman, professor of computer science in the University of Michigan says -

 “EVMs used in the West require software attacks as they are sophisticated voting machines and their hardware cannot be replaced cheaply. In contrast, the Indian EVMs can easily be replaced either in part or as wholesale units.” 

One crucial part that can be faked is microcontrollers used in the EVMs in which the software is copied. EVM manufacturers have greatly facilitated fraud by using generic microcontrollers rather than more secure ASIC or FPGA microcontrollers. Not just only microcontrollers, mother boards (cards which contain microcontrollers) and entire EVMs can be replaced.

Neither the Election Commission nor the manufacturers have undertaken any hardware or software audit till date. As a result, such manipulation attempts would go undetected. To detect such fraud, the upgraded EVMs have a provision to interface with an Authentication Unit that would allow the manufacturers to verify whether the EVM being used in the election is the same that they have supplied to the Election Commission.

The EVM manufacturers developed an “Authentication Unit” engaging the services of SecureSpin, a Bangalore based software services firm. The Unit was developed and tested in 2006 but when the project was ready for implementation, the project was mysteriously shelved .

In normal operation, the EVM limits the rate of voting to no more than 5 per minute. However, Clip-on  device bypasses the software restrictions of the EVM, so an attacker is able to again forcibly take control of an EVM and stuff the electronic “ballot box” with any number of votes. These attacks are easy to perform, but they would be hard to detect or defend against.

Dishonest insiders or other criminals with physical access to the machines at any time before ballots are counted can insert malicious hardware that can steal votes for the lifetime of the machines. 

Any computer software is basically generated from software programming and coding. And all these soft wares could be tampered with by a computer programmer who knows the source code ( AKS 19/04/14 - NOT TRUE ). Testing electronic voting systems for security problems, especially if they were intentionally introduced and concealed, is basically impossible. If malicious coding is inserted by programmers into commercial software that are triggered by obscure commands , the election results can change completely.

Alex Halderman, a researcher at the University of Michigan, and a colleague at Princeton University hacked into a paperless touch-screen voting machine in 2010 and installed the video game Pac-Man. That lab exercise took three afternoons but did not break any tamper-proof seals and left no traces.

Similarly, he and Princeton researchers in 2006 demonstrated that if someone could get a few minutes’ unattended access to a paperless machine, that person could install a software virus that could spread to other machines and switch those machines’ votes before deleting all traces of itself.

Where is the intelligence in physically securing machines with seals? If a seal is broken, what can be done? Votes can be recounted only if the machines gave a printout.. Dont ever foregt that only electronic records can be changed.

In a video, Hari K.Prasad  ( Managing Director of NetIndia Group Of Companies), Prof J. Alex Halderman ( Electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan  ) and Rop Gonggrijp demonstrate two kinds of attacks against a real Indian EVM.  One attack involves replacing a small part of the machine with a look-alike component that can be silently instructed to steal a percentage of the votes in favour of a chosen candidate. These instructions can be sent wirelessly from a mobile phone by SMS. 

Another attack uses a pocket-sized device to change the votes stored in the EVM between the election and the public counting session, which in India can be weeks later. These attacks are neither complicated nor difficult to perform, but they would be hard to detect or defend against. The best way to prevent them is to count votes using paper ballots that voters can see.

See video above: The 2009 elections where Sonia Gandhi won , was a surprise to all Indians -- check out the bluetooth technology in hijacking the EVM.

Instead of feeling happy that an Indian –an expert security researcher--  Hariprasad  Vemuru, revealed serious flaws in our EVMs’ , he was jailed by UPA.  Initially Prasad spent a year trying to convince the government , but they insisted that the Indian EVMs’ government-made machines were ‘perfect’ and ‘tamperproof '.

There is no security concern per se in procuring microcontrollers from foreign manufacturers as this is merely a piece of hardware. After procuring the microcontrollers from these manufacturers, the EVM manufacturers, namely the BEL and ECIL, could have fused program in the microcontrollers, as “One Time Programmable – Read Only Memory (OTP-ROM)” chips, in their own manufacturing premises. This would have ensured that the program in the microchips remained secure.

But, what these manufacturers have done is punishable under Indian law. 

They have shared the ‘top secret’ software program with these chip manufacturers so that they can fuse the source code permanently into the microcontrollers.

...
...

With Thanks, from...

http://www.weeklyblitz.net/1993/electronic-voting-machine-excellent-tool



REFERENCE URL # 73 : - 


बिना ब्यौरे वाली 498 ईवीएम गोदाम से बरामद

भाषा | Sep 9, 2013, 04.33PM IST

With Thanks, from...

http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar/other-cities/498-evms-recovered-from-the-warehouse-without-details/articleshow/22436450.cms


पूर्णिया।। बिहार के पूर्णिया जिला समाहरणालय के भूअर्जन कार्यालय के एक गोदाम से बिना ब्यौरे वाली 498 इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वोटिंग मशीन (ईवीएम) को आज बरामद किया गया।


- गोदाम का ताला तोडकर बिना ब्यौरे वाली 498 ईवीएम को बरामद किया गया।

- बरामद ईवीएम में से 466 वर्ष 1989 एवं शेष वर्ष 2001 की हैं और उनका उल्लेख किसी भी पंजी में दर्ज नहीं है।

- निर्वाचन आयोग के निर्देशानुसार ईवीएम को जिला मुख्यालय के वेयर हाउस में रखना जाना है।

- इतनी बड़ी संख्या में ईवीएम को किसने और किस प्रयोजन से भूअर्जन कार्यालय के गोदाम में रखा इसकी जानकारी जिला निर्वाचन कार्यालय सहित किसी भी अधिकारी को उसकी बरामदगी के पूर्व नहीं थी।

- बरामद इवीएम में कंट्रोल यूनिट एवं बैलेट यूनिट दोनों मौजूद हैं, लेकिन उनकी बैट्री निकाल लिए जाने के कारण वह चालू हालत में नहीं है। इससे यह पता चल सके कि किस चुनाव में उनका उपयोग हुआ था।

- वेयर हाउस में 344 ईवीएम हैं जिनमें से 315 चालू हालत में हैं और उनका ब्यौरा वेयर हाउस की पंजी में दर्ज है।



REFERENCE URL # 74 : - 

Are EVMs the new danger to democracy ?

http://www.niticentral.com/2013/08/20/are-evms-the-new-danger-to-democracy-121103.html



REFERENCE URL # 75 : - 

Ashok Gehlot blames Narendra Modi for defeat, alleges EVMs were tampered with

India Today Online  New Delhi, December 12, 2013 

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gehlot-blames-modi-for-defeat-alleges-evms-were-tampered-with/1/330858.html

India Today Online  New Delhi, December 12, 2013


REFERENCE URL # 76 : -

Are EVMs the new danger to democracy ?

Courtesy and thanks -

http://www.niticentral.com/2013/08/20/are-evms-the-new-danger-to-democracy-121103.html

- a series of articles in reputed computer engineering journals, which questioned the integrity of EVMs. Most articles called for a minimum of nine safeguards, none of which exist in the Indian EVMs.

- in October 2006, Dutch public-interest group ‘Wij Vertrouwen Stemcomputers Niet’ (‘We Do Not Trust Voting Machines’) proved the machines could be hacked in just five minutes, without voters or election officials being aware of it.

This led The Netherlands to ban electronic voting machines in elections.

- Activists say that in the existing national scenario, where single parties are unlikely to win a clear majority, a minor manipulation of less than 5 per cent of the vote in select constituencies could tip the outcome of the ENTIRE election process. 

...
...
...

- The clinching argument -

relates to AIADMK candidate Raja Kannappan (Sivaganga), who was leading by a comfortable margin when counting of votes ended around noon, in May 2009.

- His rival, P. Chidambaram, congratulated him and left the counting station.

- But when results across the country showed that the UPA would form the Government, P Chidambaram returned to the counting centre, a few hours later and demanded a recount.

- P Chidambaram was declared elected by a margin of 3,354 votes !

- A few have been able to understand or appreciate the ‘system’ by which this happened.

Have you ?

...
...

Does this smacks of Captain's finger prints ... nay games ?

Seems 100 % likely - Captain's game-baazi !!



REFERENCE URL # 77 : - 


Personal Area Networks / MiWi™ Protocol

https://www.microchip.com/pagehandler/en-us/technology/personalareanetworks/technology/home.html


MiWi™ Development Environment : is Microchip’s proprietary wireless solution which helps customers develop wireless applications and reduce the time to market.

The MiWi™ Development Environment (MiWi DE) package includes support for Microchip’s proprietary protocols–

    MiWi P2P–Simple Peer to Peer Star Network, light weight stack
    MiWi PRO–Supports Mesh network topology, Up to 8000 nodes and 64 hops

These protocols support : short-range wireless networking applications.

The MiWi Development Environment -

- is optimized for low-power, low data rate, cost sensitive application.

- It also offers a smaller foot-print relative to the open standard based ZigBee® compliant protocol stack.

The main advantages of MiWi Development Environment are :

-    Ease in architecting and deploying wireless networks.

-    Ease in portability of the applications across different Microchip RF transceivers

-    Ease in scaling network topologies under the MiWi protocol framework


REFERENCE URL # 78 : - 

EVM Technology

https://sites.google.com/site/hindunew/evm-technology



REFERENCE URL # 79 : - 

http://www.facebook.com/IndiaAgainstEvms



REFERENCE URL # 80 : - 

EVM Fixing

May 30, 2009

Courtesy and thanks -

http://indianrealist.com/2009/05/30/the-evm-fixing/

The results of recent Indian elections have taken everyone by surprise. They are really bizzare. There is something rotten going on. How did Congress and the Western countries which support it slyly managed to get these dream results ? Does the possibility of EVM ( electronic voting machines ) rigging exist ? 

- EVMs are thoroughly discredited the world over because they are prone to manipulation. One agency has even called them a “threat to national security.”

- All non-Congress and non-BJP parties in India would do well to launch a campaign to ban the use of EVMs.

- ensure that the EVM prints a ballot that is then dropped into a box for later counting and tallying the results with the EVMs.

...
...
...

- bizzare / dangerous things are possible with the use of EVMs.

Seems like... some set of people cutting across political parties... might be in cahoots with certain elements on "some ex-topi-walla's team" (?)... covertly allying... with some foreign intelligence agencies ( mostly western ) to rule India ( by proxy, by establishing a close knit group to rule at the helms of the country's affairs ) in a “you scratch my back, I scratch yours” pact.

This might be detrimental + dangerous to the large sections ( = parts ) of the Indian populace.

The implications of this EVM lacunae ( held by some certain set of SIG elements/ covert groupings ) must be understood in the proper context - knowing that this country is made up of -

a) myriad of states/ regions speaking more than couple dozen languages, &
b) couple dozen caste groups across the country, &
c) at least half a dozen diverse religious groupings, &
d) diferse racial / ethicity grouspings - at least couple of dozen of these.

etc., etc.

This above MUST not/ never be negated.


REFERENCE URL # 81 : - 

Courtesy and thanks -

http://www.india-forum.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=2258&pid=97949&st=0&#entry97949

Chennai: Delay in receipt and changed serial numbers of EVMs

- counting of votes in Sivaganga constituency is serious.

- during the counting of votes in the Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency, from round 1 to round 15, AIADMK Candidate Raja Kannappan was in the lead.

- during the next two rounds, Home Minister P. Chidambaram was declared to be in the lead and declared elected by a difference of 3354 votes.

- Raja Kannappan’s complaint:  “When counting of votes had ended by 1:30 PM, I was declared to have been in the lead and that I had won by a difference of 3552 votes.

- Claiming that there were differences in the counting, the District Election Officer declined to declare the result. Thereafter, a declaration was made that P. Chidambaram had won”

- There is a difference of 15,000 votes between the recordings made during the counting, by Election Party Agents and details mentioned in the Announcement Board.

...
...

Why delay ?

- ElVMs used in Alangudi Assembly segment were received in Karaikkudi counting centre only on May 14 (that is, the day after the election at 6 AM). The distance between Karaikudi and Alangudi is only 60 kms. Despite this, there has been delay in bringing in the EVMs.

- Some Machine numbers are also different from the one recorded earlier. On some EVMs, there are no signatures of Election Party Agents. There is no tally between the number of voters and the votes recorded. So said, Raja Kannappan in his petition.


REFERENCE URL # 82 : - 

One Dr Anupam Saraph (CIO of Pune, India, and an adviser to the UN and the Asian Development Society), and

Professor Madhav Nalapat (Director of the Department of Manipal University, India, as well as a UNESCO Peace Chair holder, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalapat) accidentally discovered files -

on an official Indian government website that seemed to have voting result numbers long before votes were actually cast.

- On May 6th, while looking for routine, publicly available, candidate data during the election, a detailed Excel file of votes polled results for every candidate in India was found on -

the official website of the Election Commission of India (http://eci.nic.in/candidateinfo/frmcandidate.aspx).

- That was 9 days before the final votes were cast on May 15.

- And, even so, the Election Commission was not supposed to have access to votes cast data until May 16, when official counting was to be done.

- On May 7 and 11, the Excel file was downloaded again from the Election Commission site. The numbers of votes cast for some candidates changed in each version of the file. In the version of the file downloaded on the last day before the official counting, May 15th, the votes cast results column was blank.



REFERENCE URL # 83 : - 

The downloaded files can be found here (the votes cast numbers are in Column N “votespolled”):

http://government.wikia.com/wiki/Tracking_the_elections 

- When news of the files started to spread, the Election Commission closed its site from May 23 to 25. It was back up on the 25th but, until the 29th, you couldn’t download the file anymore.

- You can now, but the votes cast data for each candidate is gone (you can just see who won) even though now, two weeks after the election, is when that data should be available.

...
...

The implications are unsettling.


REFERENCE URL # 84 : -  Very extensive blog post on EVM.

Courtesy and thanks, from...

http://blog.sureshchiplunkar.com/2009/06/evm-rigging-elections-and-voting-fraud.html

Tuesday, June 16, 2009

वोटिंग मशीनों का “चावलाकरण” – अन्य सम्भावना (विस्तारित भाग) EVM Rigging, Elections and Voting Fraud


 – इलेक्ट्रानिक वोटिंग में इस बात का क्या सबूत है कि आपने जिस पार्टी को वोट दिया है, वह वोट उसी पार्टी के खाते में गया है?

- कागज़ी मतपत्र का समय सबको याद होगा, उसमें प्रत्येक बूथ पर मतपत्रों के निश्चित नम्बर होते थे, जिससे वोटिंग के 6 महीने बाद भी इस बात का पता लगाया जा सकता था कि किस बूथ पर, किस मतदाता ने, किस पार्टी को वोट दिया है, लेकिन इलेक्ट्रानिक मशीनों में जो रिकॉर्ड उपलब्ध होता है वह “कुल” (Cumulative) होता है कि कुल कितने मत पड़े, और कितने-कितने मत किस पार्टी को मिले, लेकिन व्यक्तिगत रूप से किसने किसे वोट दिया यह जान पाना असम्भव है।

- EVM में गड़बड़ी और वोटिंग में तकनीकी धोखाधड़ी की सर्वाधिक आशंका-कुशंका तमिलनाडु के चुनाव नतीजों को लेकर, तमिल और अंग्रेजी ब्लॉगों पर सर्वाधिक चल रही है (तमिल ब्लॉग्स की संख्या हिन्दी के ब्लॉग्स से कई गुना अधिक है)।

-  जैसा कि प्रत्येक राजनैतिक जागरूक व्यक्ति जानता है कि हर चुनाव (चाहे विधानसभा हो या लोकसभा) में तमिलनाडु की जनता हमेशा “एकतरफ़ा” फ़ैसला करती है अर्थात या तो द्रमुक या अन्नाद्रमुक को पूरी तरह से जिताती है, आधा-अधूरा फ़ैसला अमूमन तमिलनाडु में नहीं आता है। इस लोकसभा चुनाव में भी करुणानिधि के खिलाफ़ “सत्ता-विरोधी” लहर चल रही थी, करुणानिधि के परिवारवाद से सभी त्रस्त हो चुके थे (अब तो दिल्ली भी त्रस्त है और शुक्र है करुणानिधि ने सिर्फ़ तीन ही शादियाँ की)। ऐसे में तमिलनाडु में जयललिता को सिर्फ़ नौ सीटें मिलना तमिल जनता पचा नहीं पा रही। हाँ, यदि जयललिता को सिर्फ़ एक या दो सीटें मिलतीं तो इतना आश्चर्य फ़िर भी नहीं होता, लेकिन सीटों का ऐसा बँटवारा और वह भी द्रमुक के पक्ष में, दक्षिण में हर किसी को हैरान कर रहा है।

Reference - http://sureshchiplunkar.blogspot.com/2009/05/electronic-voting-machines-fraud.html


- प्रोफ़ेसर साईनाथ कह रहे हैं कि मशीनों में गड़बड़ी की जा सकती है तो आखिर कैसे की जा सकती है, उसका कोई तकनीकी आधार तो होना चाहिये। आईये कुछ नई सम्भावनाओं पर एक नज़र डालें –

1) मशीनों में ट्रोज़न वायरस डालना –

चुनाव आयोग ने यह भी कहा है कि प्रत्येक मशीन की “चिप” का एक विशिष्ट कोड निर्धारित है और वह हर मशीन के लिये अलग होता है, और यदि वह “चिप” बदलने की कोशिश की जाये तो वह मशीन बन्द हो जायेगी। हालांकि इस बात में भी कोई दम इसलिये नहीं है क्योंकि यदि गड़बड़ी करने की ठान ली जाये, तो उसी नम्बर की, उसी कोड की और उस प्रकार की हूबहू चिप आसानी से तैयार की जा सकती है।

2) दूसरी सम्भावना – बेहद माइक्रो वायरलेस ट्रांसमीटर /रिसीवर को मशीन में ऊपर से फ़िट करवाना

- सभी तकनीकी लोग जानते हैं कि “नैनो” तकनीक का कितना विकास हो चुका है। आज के युग में जब प्रत्येक वस्तु छोटी-छोटी होती जा रही है तब एक माइक्रोचिप वाला ट्रांसमीटर/रिसीवर बनाना और उसे मशीनों में फ़िट करना कोई मुश्किल काम नहीं है।

- EVM की यूनिट में रिमोट कंट्रोल द्वारा संचालित वायरलेस ट्रांसमीटर/रिसीवर चिपकाया जा सकता है। मशीनों में छेड़छाड़ करके मनचाहे परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिये यह सबसे सुरक्षित और आसान तरीका हो सकता है।

बीबीसी पर जारी एक तकनीकी रिपोर्ट पढ़ लें। http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5186650.stm

- HP कम्पनी द्वारा तैयार यह बेहद माइक्रोचिप किसी भी कागज़, किताब, टेबल के कोने या किसी अन्य मशीन पर आसानी से चिपकाई जा सकती है और यह किसी को दिखेगी भी नहीं (इसका मूल साइज़ इस चित्र में देखा जा सकता है)।

- इस चिप में ही “इन-बिल्ट” मोडेम, एंटीना, माइक्रोप्रोसेसर, और मेमोरी शामिल है। इसके द्वारा 100 पेज का डाटा 10MB की स्पीड से भेजा और पाया जा सकता है।

- यह रेडियो फ़्रिक्वेंसी, उपग्रह और ब्लूटूथ की मिलीजुली तकनीक से काम करती है, जिससे इसके उपयोग करने वाले को इसके आसपास भी मौजूद रहने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

- ऑपरेटर कहीं दूर बैठकर भी इसे मोबाइल या किसी अन्य साधन से इस चिप को क्रियान्वित कर सकता है।

- इसलिये इस माइक्रो वायरलेस ट्रांसमीटर / रिसीवर के जरिये EVM की कंट्रोल यूनिट को विश्व के किसी भी भाग में बैठकर संचालित और नियन्त्रित किया जा सकता है।

(चित्र देखने से आपको पता चलेगा कि यह कितनी छोटी माइक्रोचिप होती है)



REFERENCE URL # 85 : - 

आगे बढ़ने से पहले कृपया माइक्रोचिप की जानकारी के बारे में यह साइट भी देख लें -

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090310084844.htm

जिसमें एक पतली सी फ़िल्म में एंटेना, ट्रांसमीटर, रिसीवर सभी कुछ शामिल है।



REFERENCE URL # 86 : - 

इसी प्रकार की एक और जानकारी इधर भी है -

http://embedded-system.net/bluetooth-chip-with-gps-fm-radio-csr-bluecore7.html



REFERENCE URL # 87 : - 

http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/060717a.html

- HP कम्पनी की साईट पर भी (http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2006/060717a.html) विस्तार से इस माइक्रो चिप और उसकी डिजाइन के बारे में बताया गया है

- और इस माइक्रोचिप के उपयोग भी गिनाये गये हैं, जैसे अस्पताल में किसी मरीज की कलाई में इसे लगाकर उसका सारा रिकॉर्ड विश्व में कहीं भी लिया जा सकता है, विभिन्न फ़ोटो और डॉक्यूमेंट भी इसके द्वारा पल भर में पाये जा सकते हैं।

- जब ओसामा बिन लादेन द्वारा किये गये सेटेलाइट फ़ोन की तरंगों को पहचानकर अमेरिका, ठीक उसके छिपने की जगह मिसाइल दाग सकता है, तो आज के उन्नत तकनीकी के ज़माने में इलेक्ट्रानिक उपकरणों के द्वारा कुछ भी किया जा सकता है।



REFERENCE URL # 88 : - 

2002 में जारी एक और रिपोर्ट यहाँ पढ़िये  -

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/05/020530073010.htm

कि किस तरह वायरलेस तकनीक इन माइक्रोचिप में बेहद उपयोगी और प्रभावशाली है।


REFERENCE URL # 89 : - 

इस प्रकार की माइक्रोचिप में विभिन्न देशों की सेनाओं ने भी रुचि दर्शाई है और इनमें छोटे माइक्रोफ़ोन और कैमरे भी लगाने की माँग रखी है ताकि इन चिप्स को दुश्मन के इलाके में गिराकर ट्रांसमीटर और रिसीवर के जरिये वहाँ की तस्वीरें और बातें प्राप्त की जा सकें। अमेरिकी सेना से सम्बन्धित एक साइट पर भी इसके बारे में कई नई और आश्चर्यजनक बातें पता चलती हैं

( यहाँ देखें http://mae.pennnet.com/articles/article_display.cfm?article_id=294946 )


- हम मान लेते हैं कि यह ट्रांसमीटर और रिसीवर युक्त माइक्रोचिप वोटिंग मशीनों के निर्माण के समय अथवा बाद में फ़िट कर दी गई है।

- क्या इस प्रकार की कोई “चिप” पकड़ में आ सकती है? इस प्रकार की वायरलेस माइक्रोचिप के दिखाई देने या पकड़ में आने की सम्भावना तब तक नहीं है, जब तक यह सिग्नल प्रसारित न करे (अर्थात डाटा का ट्रांसफ़र न करे)। माइक्रोचिप से डाटा तभी आयेगा या जायेगा जब उसे एक विशिष्ट फ़्रीक्वेंसी ( Citizen band /frequency ) पर कोई सिग्नल न दिया जाये, तब तक यह ट्रांसमीटर सुप्त-अवस्था में ही रहेगा।

क्या इन माइक्रोचिप की संरचना को आसानी से पहचाना जा सकता है?
नहीं, क्योंकि अव्वल तो यह इतनी माइक्रो है कि आम आदमी को इसे देखना सम्भव नहीं है और विशेषज्ञ भी इसकी पूरी जाँच किये बिना दावे से नहीं कह सकते कि इसमें क्या-क्या फ़िट किया गया है।

अब आते हैं मुख्य मुद्दे पर –

- EVM मशीनें उनके निर्धारित चुनाव क्षेत्रों में भेजी जा चुकी हैं और एक “उच्च स्तरीय हैकरों की टीम” सिर्फ़ यह सुनिश्चित करती है कि माइक्रोचिप लगी हुई मशीनें उन क्षेत्रों में पहुँचें जहाँ वे परिणामों में गड़बड़ी करना चाहते हैं। इसके बाद चुनाव हुए, मशीनों में वोट डल गये और मशीनों को कड़ी सुरक्षा के बीच कलेक्टोरेट में स्ट्रांग रूम में रख दिया गया। अब यहाँ से “तकनीकी हैकरों” का असली काम शुरु होता है।

- हैकरों की यह टीम उच्च स्तरीय तकनीकी उपकरणों की मदद से सैटेलाइट के ज़रिये उन मशीनों से डाटा प्राप्त करती है, डाटा को कम्प्यूटर पर लिया जाता है, और उसमें चालाकी से ऐसा हेरफ़ेर किया जाता है कि एकदम से किसी को शक न हो, अर्थात ऐसा भी नहीं कि जिस प्रत्याशी को जिताना है सारे वोट उसे ही दिलवा दिये जायें। डाटा में हेरफ़ेर के पश्चात उस डाटा को वापस इन्हीं माइक्रोचिप ट्रांसमीटर के ज़रिये मशीनों में अपलोड कर दिया जाये। वोटिंग होने और परिणाम आने के बीच काफ़ी समय होता है इतने समय में तो सारी मशीनों का डाटा बाकायदा Excel शीट पर लेकर उसमें मनचाहे फ़ेरबदल गुणाभाग करके उसे वापस अपलोड किया जा सकता है।

इस प्रकार की गड़बड़ी या धोखाधड़ी के फ़िलहाल को सबूत नहीं मिले हैं, इसलिये दावे के साथ नहीं कहा जा सकता कि ऐसा ही हुआ होगा, लेकिन आधुनिक तकनीकी युग में कम्प्यूटर के जानकार और विश्वस्तरीय उपकरणों से लैस हैकर कुछ भी करने में सक्षम हैं, इस बात को सभी मानते हैं। यह भी सवाल उठाये गये थे कि यदि कांग्रेस पार्टी ने ऐसी गड़बड़ी की होती तो क्यों नहीं 300 सीटों पर धोखाधड़ी की ताकि पूर्ण बहुमत आ जाता? इसका उत्तर यही है कि धांधली करने की भी एक सीमा होती है, जब महंगाई अपने चरम पर हो, आतंकवाद का मुद्दा सामने हो तब कांग्रेस को पूर्ण बहुमत मिल जाये तो सभी को शक हो जायेगा, इसीलिये पहले ही कहा कि “चतुराईपूर्ण” गड़बड़ी की गई होगी कि शक न हो सके। कांग्रेस को गड़बड़ी करने की आवश्यकता सिर्फ़ 150 सीटों पर ही थी, क्योंकि बाकी बची 390 सीटों में से क्या कांग्रेस 50 सीटें भी न जीतती? कुल मिलाकर हो गईं 200, इतना काफ़ी है सरकार बनाने के लिये।

अब क्या किया जा सकता है?

वोटिंग मशीनों में गड़बड़ी और धांधली की इस प्रकार की अफ़वाहों के बाद सवाल उठने लगे हैं कि आखिर राजनैतिक पार्टियाँ इस बात पर चुप्पी क्यों साधे हुए हैं? इसका जवाब यह हो सकता है, कि राजनैतिक पार्टियाँ इस मुद्दे पर बोलने से इसलिये बच रही हैं क्योंकि अभी तो यह विश्वसनीय बात नहीं है, कौन इस मुद्दे पर बोले और अपनी भद पिटवाये, क्योंकि यह इतना तकनीकी मुद्दा है कि आम जनता या मीडिया का एक बड़ा हिस्सा पार्टियों के एक बयान पर उसे पहले तो सिरे से खारिज कर देगा, और भाजपा जैसी पार्टी यदि इस बात को उठाये तो उसका सतत विरोधी मीडिया “खिसियानी बिल्ली खम्भा नोचे” की कहावत से नवाज़ेगा। ऐसे में कोई भी इस मुद्दे पर बोलना नहीं चाहता। जानकारी के अनुसार सुप्रीम कोर्ट में भी यह मामला (वोटिंग मशीनों की जाँच और गड़बड़ी की सम्भावना का पता लगाने सम्बन्धी) चल रहा है, इसलिये फ़िलहाल सभी “रुको और देखो” की नीति पर चल रहे हैं।

राजनैतिक पार्टियाँ फ़िलहाल इतना कर सकती हैं कि जिन-जिन क्षेत्रों में उनकी अप्रत्याशित हार हुई है, वहाँ के गुपचुप तरीके से लेकिन चुनाव आयोग से अधिकृत डाटा लेकर, पिछले वोटिंग पैटर्न को देखकर, प्रत्येक बूथ और वार्ड के अनुसार वोटिंग मशीनों में दर्ज वोटों का पैटर्न देखें कि क्या कहीं कोई बड़ी गड़बड़ी की आशंका दिखाई देती है? फ़िर अगले चुनाव में पुनः वोटिंग के पुराने तरीके अर्थात “पेपर मतपत्र” पर वोटिंग की मांग की जाये। पेपर मतपत्रों में भी गड़बड़ी और लूटपाट की आशंका तो होती ही है, लेकिन बड़े पैमाने पर गुमनाम तरीके से तकनीकी धांधली तो नहीं की जा सकती। क्योंकि यदि ऐसा नहीं किया गया तो हो सकता है कि इधर पार्टियाँ करोड़ों रुपये खर्च करती रहें और उधर दिल्ली अथवा न्यूयॉर्क के किसी सात सितारा होटल में बैठी हैकरों की कोई टीम “मैच फ़िक्सिंग” करके अपनी पसन्द की सरकार बनवा दे।

परमाणु करार को लागू करवाने और उसके द्वारा अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था को सुधारने के सपने देखने वाले अमेरिका, फ़्रांस और ब्रिटेन का भारत के इन चुनावों में “बहुत कुछ दाँव पर” लगा था। कल्पना कीजिये कि यदि इस सरकार में भी वामपंथी पुनः निर्णायक स्थिति में आ जाते अथवा भाजपा परमाणु करार की पुनर्समीक्षा करवाती तो इन देशों द्वारा अरबों डालर की परमाणु भट्टियों के सौदों का क्या होता। है तो यह दूर की कौड़ी, लेकिन जब बड़े पैमाने पर हित जुड़े हुए हों तब कुछ भी हो सकता है। जो लोग इसे मात्र एक कपोल कल्पना या “नॉनसेंस” मान रहे हों, वे भी यह अवश्य स्वीकार करेंगे कि आज के तकनीकी युग में कुछ भी सम्भव है… जब ओसामा के एक फ़ोन से उसके छिपने के ठिकाने का पता लगाया जा सकता है तो इन मामूली सी वोटिंग मशीनों को सेटेलाइट के जरिये क्यों नहीं कंट्रोल किया जा सकता?

और वह पहला मूल सवाल तो अपनी जगह पर कायम है ही, कि “आपके पास क्या सबूत है कि आपने जिस बटन पर वोट दिया वह वोट उसी प्रत्याशी के खाते में गया”? कागज़ी मतपत्र पर तो आपको पूरा भरोसा होता है कि आपने सही जगह ठप्पा लगाया है।

[नोट – मैं कोई तकनीकी विशेषज्ञ नहीं हूँ, यह पोस्ट विभिन्न साइटों (खासकर तमिल व अंग्रेजी ब्लॉग्स) पर खोजबीन करके लिखी गई है, सभी पहलुओं को सामने लाना भी ज़रूरी था, इसलिये पोस्ट लम्बी हो गई है, लेकिन उम्मीद है कि बोर नहीं हुए होंगे]

Courtesy and thanks -

Posted by Suresh Chiplunkar at 12:18 PM  

Labels/ श्रेणियाँ सामाजिक लेख, हिन्दुत्व और राष्ट्रवाद


Tuesday, May 26, 2009
क्या वोटिंग मशीनों का “चावला-करण” किया जा सकता है? Electronic Voting Machines Fraud Rigging in Elections

अमेरिका के एक रिटायर्ड प्रोफ़ेसर साईंनाथ ने यह दावा किया है कि इलेक्ट्रानिक वोटिंग मशीनों से छेड़छाड़ करके उनके द्वारा धोख़ाधड़ी की जा सकती है। श्री साईंनाथ ने सन् 2004 के चुनावों के दौरान इलेक्ट्रानिक वोटिंग मशीनों की गुणवत्ता और विश्वसनीयता को लेकर एक जनहित याचिका सुप्रीम कोर्ट में लगाई थी, उन्हें शक था कि शायद NDA लोकसभा चुनावों में इन मशीनों द्वारा बड़े पैमाने पर धांधली कर सकता है। हालांकि कांग्रेस के चुनाव जीतने की दशा में उन्होंने अपना केस वापस ले लिया था। साईनाथ ने अमेरिका में सम्पन्न हुए चुनावों में भी इलेक्ट्रानिक वोटिंग मशीनों में गड़बड़ी कैसे की जा सकती है इसका प्रदर्शन किया था।

इलेक्ट्रानिक वोटिंग मशीनों मे गड़बड़ी करना एक “बच्चों का खेल” है, यह बताते हुए प्रोफ़ेसर साईनाथ कहते हैं (रिपोर्ट यहाँ देखें http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/45296/) कि EVM (Electronic Voting Machines) को नियन्त्रित करने वाली कम्प्यूटर चिप को एक विशिष्ट तरीके से प्रोग्राम करके इस प्रकार से सेट किया जा सकता है कि उस मशीन में पड़ने वाले वोटों का एक निश्चित प्रतिशत एक पूर्व-निर्धारित उम्मीदवार के खाते में ही जाये, चाहे कोई भी बटन दबाया गया हो। इस प्रकार की और भी गड़बड़ियाँ मशीन में पैदा की जा सकती हैं। मशीनों में की गई इस प्रकार की छेड़छाड़ को पकड़ना आसान नहीं होता, पार्टियों के “लगभग अनपढ़” चुनाव एजेण्टों के लिये तो बिलकुल भी नहीं। उल्लेखनीय है कि EVM उम्मीदवारों के क्रमवार नम्बर के आधार पर वोटिंग की गणना करती है। नामांकन हो चुकने के बाद यह तय होता कि किस क्षेत्र की मशीन में किस पार्टी के किस उम्मीदवार का नाम कौन से क्रम पर रहेगा। प्रोफ़ेसर साईनाथ के अनुसार नाम वापसी के बाद दो सप्ताह का समय बीच में होता है, इस बीच में मशीनों में कम्प्यूटर चिप की जगह “Pre-Coded Malicious” चिप स्थापित की जा सकती हैं, अथवा सम्भव हुआ तो पूरी की पूरी मशीन भी नकली स्थापित की जा सकती है और यह निश्चित किया जा सकता है कि कौन सी मशीन किस इलाके में जायेगी।

(श्री साईनाथ 1964 की बैच के आईआईटी इंजीनियर हैं, फ़िलहाल अमेरिका में कम्प्यूटर साइंस के रिटायर्ड प्रोफ़ेसर हैं, और “Better Democracy Forum” नाम की संस्था के अध्यक्ष भी हैं)।

इस प्रक्रिया में चुनाव अधिकारी (जो कि अधिकतर सत्ताधारी पार्टी के इशारों पर ही नाचते हैं) की भूमिका बेहद महत्वपूर्ण हो जाती है। ऐसे में एक गम्भीर सवाल उठता है कि क्या इन मशीनों का “चावलाईकरण” किया जा सकता है? “चावलाईकरण” की उपमा इसलिये, क्योंकि चुनावों में धांधली का कांग्रेस का इतिहास बहुत पुराना है। ऊपर से इस पार्टी को नवीन चावला जैसे “स्वामीभक्त” चुनाव आयुक्त भी प्राप्त होते रहे हैं (इसका एक और सबूत, मान्य संवैधानिक परम्पराओं के विपरीत, सेवानिवृत्ति के तत्काल बाद पूर्व चुनाव आयुक्त एम एस गिल को मंत्रीपद की रेवड़ी दिया जाना भी है)।

शिवसेना ने चुनाव आयोग को इन वोटिंग मशीनों द्वारा धांधली किये जाने की आशंका व्यक्त करते हुए इनकी जाँच की माँग करते हुए लिखित में शिकायत की है, जिसमें बताया गया है कि दक्षिण मुम्बई से शिवसेना के लोकप्रिय उम्मीदवार मोहन रावले को कई वोटिंग मशीनों पर शक है, क्योंकि उन्हें शिवसेना के कुछ मजबूत माने जाने वाले इलाकों में से कई मशीनों में 5 या 7 वोट ही मिले (क्या मोहन रावले अचानक अपने ही गढ़ में इतने अलोकप्रिय हो गये?)। रावले ने आगे बताया कि अमेरिका और इंडोनेशिया में भी इन मशीनों के “ठीक से काम न करने” की वजह से इन्हें चुनाव प्रक्रिया से हटा लिया गया था।

अब नज़र डालते हैं हाल ही में सम्पन्न लोकसभा चुनावों के नतीजों पर – पूरे देश में (जहाँ भाजपा का शासन था उन राज्यों को छोड़कर) लगभग सारे नतीजे कुछ इस प्रकार से आये हैं कि जो भी पार्टी कांग्रेस के लिये “सिरदर्द” साबित हो सकती थी या पिछली सरकार में सिरदर्द थी, उनका या तो सफ़ाया हो गया अथवा वे पार्टियाँ लगभग निष्क्रिय अवस्था में पहुँच गईं, उदाहरण के तौर पर – वामपंथियों की सीटें 50% कम हो गईं, मायावती भी लगभग 50% नीचे पहुँच गईं (जबकि सभी सर्वे, चैनल और विशेषज्ञ उनसे बेहतर नतीजों की उम्मीद कर रहे थे), जयललिता भी कुछ खास नहीं कर पाईं और तमिल भावनाओं के उफ़ान और सत्ता विरोधी लहर के बावजूद डीएमके को अच्छी खासी सीटें मिल गईं, लालू-पासवान का सफ़ाया हो गया, आंध्र में चिरंजीवी से खासी उम्मीद लगाये बैठे थे, वे भी कुछ खास न कर सके। जबकि दूसरी तरफ़ आंध्रप्रदेश में कांग्रेस को पूर्ण बहुमत मिल गया, उत्तरप्रदेश में (कांग्रेस की) आशा के विपरीत भारी सफ़लता मिली, उड़ीसा में नवीन पटनायक को अकेले दम पर बहुमत मिल गया। जबकि कर्नाटक, गुजरात, मध्यप्रदेश, छत्तीसगढ़, बिहार जैसे राज्यों में कांग्रेस उतना अच्छा नहीं कर पाई, ऐसा क्यों?


REFERENCE URL # 90 : - 

ऐसा नहीं कि खामख्वाह बाल की खाल निकाली जा रहा है, भारत और विश्व के अन्य हिस्सों में भी ताज़ा लोकसभा चुनाव नतीजों को लेकर संशय बना हुआ है, इसका सबूत गूगल की सर्च रिपोर्ट से देखा जा सकता है, जहाँ कि जनता ने ईवीएम मशीनों में गड़बड़ी की आशंका और इनकी विश्वसनीयता को लेकर विभिन्न सर्च किये हैं… यहाँ देखें

http://www.google.com/trends?q=electronic+voting+machine&ctab=398065024&geo=all&date=all


REFERENCE URL # 91 : - 

इसी प्रकार अमेरिका के कुछ कम्प्यूटर इंजीनियरों द्वारा फ़्लोरिडा के गवर्नर चुनावों के बाद ई-वोटिंग मशीनों की संदिग्धता के बारे में एक रिपोर्ट की पीडीएफ़ फ़ाइल भी यहाँ देखें…

http://www.computer.org/portal/cms_docs_computer/computer/homepage/May09/r5pra.pdf

Posted by Suresh Chiplunkar


REFERENCE URL # 92 : - 

Thursday, April 17, 2014
Wireless Power Transfer Achieved Using Magnetic Field 

http://www.activistpost.com/2014/04/wireless-power-transfer-achieved-using.html



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Bluetooth Chip with Integrated GPS and FM Radio – CSR BlueCore7

Posted in Bluetooth, Favorite, Mobile Devices, Navigation, Radio, SoC

On Friday, June 6, 2008 

http://embedded-system.net/bluetooth-chip-with-gps-fm-radio-csr-bluecore7.html


REFERENCE URL # 94 : - 

http://www.globalresearch.ca/war-creates-massive-debt-and-makes-the-banks-rich/5378432


On February 2013, Freescale unveiled the Kinesis KL02, the world’s smallest microcontroller, measuring 1.9 mm by 2mm and containing RAM, ROM and a clock.


REFERENCE URL # 95 : - 

An EVM that 'votes' only for BJP stuns poll staff in Assam

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/An-EVM-that-votes-only-for-BJP-stuns-poll-staff-in-Assam/articleshow/33153152.cms


REFERENCE URL # 96 : - 

Indian TELECOM/NETWORKING GEAR IMPORTS - A Trillion Dollar Opportunity over a decade's time.

Indian Infrastructure A Trillion Dollar Opportunity - Deloitte

www.deloitte.com/ assets/ Dcom-India/ Local%20Assets/ Images/ Thumbnails/ infra/ Deloitte%20Background%20Paper_27Jan_Final2.pdf -

India's rural market is a $1.8-trillion opportunity

Last updated on: July 23, 2012 18:35 IST

http://www.rediff.com/money/slide-show/slide-show-1-rural-market-is-a-huge-opportunity/20120723.htm


REFERENCE URL # 97 : - 

http://www.monitor.net/monitor/free/biatrustfund.html


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