On Water and Electricity Conservation

On Water and Electricity Conservation

Few thoughts on...  Water and Electricity Conservation.

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It is predicted by many experts worldwide that... WW-3 will be fought for water and water resources alone.

That might actually be an over-statement per se... albeit... this drives home a crucial/ critical point.

Now...
Someone conjectures that 30 years down the line the paucity of fresh potable water, on a global scale, WILL reach a situation that might cause a chain of (re)actions SURELY leading to WW-3.

...
...

Well... Well... that might NOT be true. For WW-3 might be actually around the corner. Or, perhaps a toned down i.e. a limited bhersion...
nay version edition might unfold sooner than later.

Say... starting the second week of April, 2017 ( This thought recurs and resounds again and again... so PURPOSEFULLY putting forth this here. )

Of course... WW-3 might be tried to be ignited/ started off in the SCS or E. Ukraine or near around Israel or at the Indo-Pak or the Indo-Tibet border.

We Indians, as responsible global citizens, must try our way best to stay clear... out of it.

Would suggest the same to ALL the Asian nations. Especially Japan and China.

...
...
...


Coming to... how ACTUALLY... we may try to conserve as much of water as possible.

Few stray thoughts follow here-withal...


CASE 1 -

Throughout the world, and especially so in our country...

We have got TENS OF MILLIONS ( => CRORES ) of water storage tanks...

We may find theM water tanks used...

- In our household(s)...
- In the agrarian fields...
- In tall buildings/ complexes ...
- In industrial usage ( Coco Cola, Pepsi, Mineral Water plants, etc. )...
- In any/ all sorts of commercial usage...

etc., etc. places.

Essentially...

Different locales... different situational usages.

Nonetheless...

There are basically TWO locational possibilities for a water storage tank.

Either...
It sits at a certain height ( say - atop a building ) ; OR
the tank is constructed on OR under the ground ( eg. - at or under the ground level ).

Again...
there is ONLY one prime motive for a water tank viz. usage as - storage facility ( SECondary )...

Thence-forth, stored water is used for water supply ( PRImary usage purpose ).

When water runs off a full tank ... then the same needs to be replenished.
i.e. the tank needs to be refilled with water, up again.

Many a times man-made underground or on the ground water tanks are used for - Say... watering an agrarian field or replenishing an overhead supply tank atop a building ( residential\ commercial, etc. ),
or a factory ( industrial unit, etc. ), etc. , etc.

Now... there remains only TWO ways these water tanks ( storage-cum-supply ) may be replenished... either by...

111) banking on the periodic ( morning/ evening; mostly - perhaps irregular ) public water supply system. Where one may need to turn ON or OFF a water valve to allow the inlet of water. Also - to stop the flow of water once DONE;
i.e. once the storage tank(s) are full; or


222) draw water from the ground using a JET(tison) pump < jettisoning water from the underground water aquifer to the ground surface and/ or above... onto a building/ highrise >.


PROBLEM ASSESSMENT -

Now there may be TWO ways the ( under-ground or over-head ) tank may be filled. viz. -

AAA) By turning ON/ OFF an inlet valve connecting the storage tank, MANUALLY.
In the case if one wants to fill the tank through the public water supply system.

BBB) BY powering ON/ OFF the deep bore ( underground ) jettison electric pump.


PROBLEM ANALYSIS -

Now...

CCC) in the case of AAA) above there is certainly going to be the case wherein the ( under-ground or over-head ) tank fills UP in some due course of time.

Chances are... the tank will OVERFLOW, once full. And, with GOOD probability that water is left overflowing to wastage for at least 2-3-5-10 minutes before the same is detected by any concerned person and... then the valve is manually required to be put OFF to stop this spillover/ wastage.

In many such instances... the elapsed time could be MUCH MORE.
Say...  something of the order of... 10/ 20/ 30/ 50 minutes.

This results in heavy wastage of water.

WHAT A WASTE !!


DDD) Ditto, in the case of BBB) as detailed above.

Only thing is that in this case the electric jet pump MUST need be powered OFF MANUALLY to stem the spillover.

The amount of water wasted could be in congruence to the time it overshoots/ exceeds the high water mark of the tank.

Around which location could be the spillover outlet pipe.

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...
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ROUGH ESTIMATE ( CALCULATIONS ) OF THE WATER GOING DOWN THE DRAINS...

Assuming that, on an AVERAGE the storage tank overflows for 2-3 minutes; every-time it is put ON to be filled.

Then we may EXPECT that almost 100/ 125/ 150/ 180/ 200 litres of water shall be wasted EVERY minute ( this remains a rough guesstimate ).

This boils down to, either ANY OF =
= ( 100/ 125/ 150/ 180/ 200 litres ) x 2.5 mins.
= either ANY OF =
= 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500 litres of water going
down the drain EVERY TIME, owing to HUMAN LAPSE/ DELAY alone.

Noting that...
Human cycle either/ or of - SEEING/ HEARING leading to REACTING/ RESPONDING/ ACTING is involved. This involves a certain time lapse. Average of all these could be something like 2-3 minutes ( let's assume - 2.5 minutes. A rough guesstimate. )

SO DEDUCING... that every time the water tank is left to be filled up...

Probability is that ... 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500/ ... litres of water IS going down the drain every time, owing to HUMAN LAPSE/ DELAY only.

Before, someone takes note of this and decides to put OFF this wasteful flow.

This figure might be more on the UPPER side rather than on the down side.

For example... an AVERAGE of 400-500 litres of water going down the drains can be expected.

NOW...
If the water storage tank is filled 2/ 3/ 4 number of TIMES ( say- within a 24 hour period. What about - 0500 HOURS to 0500 HOURS the next day ).

Then the DAILY water loss, POTENTIALLY, adds upto something like...


TWO times : 2 X ( 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500 ) litres of water
           => 500/ 626/ 750/ 900/ 1000 litres of water EVERYDAY.

Say... an AVERAGE of 2 X ( 400-500 ) litres of water EVERYDAY.
       => 800-1000 litres of water going down the drain, EVERYDAY.


THREE times : 3 X ( 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500 ) litres of water
        => 750/ 939/ 1125/ 1350/ 1500 litres of water EVERYDAY.

Say... an AVERAGE of 3 X ( 400-500 ) litres of water EVERYDAY.
       => 1200-1500 litres of water going down the drain, EVERYDAY.


FOUR times : 4 X ( 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500 ) litres of water
        => 1000/ 1252/ 1500/ 1800/ 2000 litres of water EVERYDAY.

Say... an AVERAGE of 4 X ( 400-500 ) litres of water EVERYDAY.
       => 1600-2000 litres of water going down the drain, EVERYDAY.


FIVE times : 5 X ( 250/ 313/ 375/ 450/ 500 ) litres of water
        => 1250/ 1565/ 1875/ 2250/ 2500 litres of water EVERYDAY.

Say... an AVERAGE of 5 X ( 400-500 ) litres of water EVERYDAY.
       => 2000-2500 litres of water going down the drain, EVERYDAY.


Assuming that an AVERAGE of THREE incidences of water spillover in the tank takes place... we could be looking at ALMOST 1200-1500 litres of water going down the drain i.e. wasted EVERYDAY.

...
...
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NOW...
understanding that there possibly are 30/ 40/ 60/ 100 LAKHS of such water tanks throughout the country... under ACTIVE use/ consideration.

Then...
every single day the NATION could be looking at an AVERAGE NETT LOSS of water resources, of something like...

1200-1500 litres X ( 30/ 40/ 60/ 100 ) lakh

@ 1200 l = ( 36,000/ 48,000/ 72,000/ 120,000 )
@ 1500 l = ( 45,000/ 60,000/ 90,000/ 150,000 )

LAKH LITRES of water going down the drain EVERYDAY.

THIS EQUATES TO ...

@ 1200 l == ( 360/ 480/ 720/ 1200 )
@ 1500 l == ( 450/ 600/ 900/ 1500 )

CRORE LITRES of water going down the drain EVERYDAY.

In effect, this means that in ONE YEAR's time ( = 365 days )

this EQUATES to...

365 X ( 360/ 480/ 720/ 1200 )

OR

365 X ( 450/ 600/ 900/ 1500 )

CRORE LITRES of water going down the drain EVERY YEAR.

This equates to ALMOST...

@ 1200 l == ( 1,31,400/ 1,75,200/ 2,62,800/ 4,38,000 )
@ 1500 l == ( 1,64,250/ 2,19,000/ 3,28,500/ 5,47,500 )

CRORE LITRES of POTABLE drinking-grade water going down the drain EVERY YEAR !!!

THIS... throughout the country !!

Similar figures... or MUCH MUCH more... around the WORLD, cannot be ruled out.

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...
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Quite a massive amount of fresh potable ( either - tap supply or underground ) water going down the drain every year !!

Do the civic authorities have any clues as to how to prevent this loss ?
Thereby conserving the water in the underground aquifers, that may last a wee bit longer.

Preventive/ corrective measures taken might actually result in the underlying water table level to go down a wee bit more slowly !!

Thereby lasting longer.

NOW...
We have less of a problem; if we want to replenish the aquifers say by rain water harvesting, etc. means.

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...
...

PROBABLE SOLUTION(S) -

# 1

In case of the underground storage tank, it is easier to use a water inlet blocking system ( using air ball and stop cock - as we see used in toilet flushes ?? ).

Now...
In the case of the MANUAL opening/ closing valve operation ( pertaining to public water supply ) for an overhead/ underground tank -

The solution as suggested may NOT be that effective.
There is always the chance that the ( air ball and stop cock ) system may fail sometime ( Btw... this is - least of a concern. Sure... this does involve some latency ).

The PRIMARY issue here being that the ( air ball and stop cock ) system MIGHT HAVE the primary effect of SOMEHOW obstructing the natural in-flow of water to the tank. Perhaps owing to its constricting / constraining design i.e. a restrictively narrower inlet pipe that constricts the water flow. This MUST need be overcome.

If this can be rectified then ( air-ball and stop cock ) system may suffice for good.

...
...

This solution can be useful in the case when there is NO electric motor powering this water inlet. Let's say... water is coming thru' as part of the intricately laid out PUBLIC water supply system, piped network.

Now, in the case we are dealing with electric jet pumps. Then...


# 2

PRE-REQUISITES...

aaa) There MUST necessarily be a Low Water Mark ( LO ) as well as a High Water Mark ( HI ) configurable inside any of the water tanks.

bbb) On reaching the LO or on breaching the HI - there MUST necessarily be some sort of control mechanism ( i.e. a feedback system ) that informs
of an ALARM EVENT.

ccc) The ALARM event is triggered by the feedback control system.
This is of a SECONDARY nature having wireless transceiver ( transmit + receive ) capabilities. Here - Transmit signal capability is a must.

This, in turn, makes use of the inbuilt/ resident intelligence ( being part of a bare basics, embedded electronic system, using minimal power ) having a certain limited wireless range; wirelessly triggering an ALARM 'event', per se.

ddd) This system may be powered by robust ( say - pencil ) batteries.


eee) NOW...

The counterpart to the above is an electronically-controlled electrical ON/ OFF switch ( the PRIMARY module ).

This system might have any/ all of the following functionalities...

1) this paired system ( UNIQUELY paired to the alarm event raising tank resident module ) is supposed to be the PRIMARY member of a dual part feedack based control system. This system, too, must have transceive capabilities.
Any-hows... the Receive signals capability is a MUST, here.

2) On receiving the ALARM event signal, signaling 'HI level reached' level of the water tank -

- there MUST be a visual display ( using LED, LCD or a small light bulb ) along with an AUDIO alarm/ buzzer. Which alerts someone to come over to the location so as to manually switch OFF the electric motor.

Here... the idea is to have someone use the choice of turning OFF the electric motor, manually.

Better idea might be... the incoming alarm event AUTOMATICALLY activates an electric relay that turns OFF the electric jet pump.

3) On receiving the ALARM event signal, signaling 'LO level reached' level of the water tank -

- the visual display ( using LED, LCD or a small light bulb ) along with an AUDIO alarm/ buzzer is ACTIVATED.
This alerts someone to come over to the location so as to MANUALLY switch ON the electric motor.

Here... the idea is to have someone use his/ her choice as regards turning ON the electric motor.

Better idea might be... the incoming alarm event AUTOMATICALLY activates an electric relay that turns ON the electric jet pump.


4) There MAY be a functionality to enable or disable this Alarms- event based automatic turning ON/ OFF of the electric motors ( vide the electro-mechanical
relays ).

In which case this, this bypassing the system, renders it devoid of any intelligent functionality. And, it then must function as a plain ON/ OFF electric
switch.


I suggest this as a ways and means to partly address the water crisis that is going to hit us squarely on the face some 10/ 20/ 30 years down the line.

This way... BOTH water and electricity is conserved.

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...
...


The amount of electricity conserved might go on to power up ( light up actually ) at least 10,000\ 25,000\ 50,000\ 100,000 villages on a daily basis.

At least using ONLY 10 Watt LED bulbs.

LET'S SEE... THIS

Say... a village has an average of 700 households.

- Each house-hold uses 10 ( say ), 10 Watt bulbs
Having a total consumption of 10 x 10 W = 100 W per household.

( Not considering electric fans here. Even one of which might consume something like - 60 or 80 W of power, at least. )

So...
for 700 house-holds the requirement is...

700 X 100 W = 70,000 W = 70 KW every second, to light them up.

Add...
another 500 street lights of 10 W LED bulbs each.
This adds up to 500 X 10 W = 5,000 W = 5 KW

Therefore...
Total power consumption equals = ( 70 + 5 ) KW = 75 KW

Now, assuming that we decide to power the villages up between 06:00 PM to 06:00 AM

This 12 hour ( = 12 X 60 X 60 seconds ) period requires a total power of = 12 X 60 X 60 X 75 = 3240000 KW

= 3240 Mega Watt, total.


NOW...

for 10,000 villages ...
this equates to 10,000 X 3240 Mega Watt DAILY requirement. This equals -

= 32,400 Giga Watts DAILY requirement. <- NOTE-1


YET AGAIN...

for 25,000 villages ...
this equates to 25,000 X 3240 Mega Watt DAILY requirement. This equals -

= 81,000 Giga Watts DAILY requirement. <- NOTE-2


YET AGAIN...

for 50,000 villages ...
this equates to 100,000 X 3240 Mega Watt DAILY requirement. This equals -

= 162,000 Giga Watts DAILY requirement. <- NOTE-3


NOW AGAIN...

for 100,000 villages ...
this equates to 100,000 X 3240 Mega Watt DAILY requirement. This equals -

= 324,000 Giga Watts DAILY requirement. <- NOTE-4


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Now considering that an electrically powered motor ( jet ) pump rated at 1200 W ( say. Actually it might be more on the upper side ) is over-run everytime by 2-3 minutes ( AVERAGE ) DAILY. Owing to human latency factors.

And... this happens... THRICE every day.

Averaging...

that is 2.5 X 3 = 7.5 mins ( = 7.5 X 60 seconds ) everyday.

Effectively, each of these motors, OVERRUNING... the WASTAGE is tantamount to -
= 7.5 X 60 X 1200 W = 540,000 W = 540 KW of NET power wasted  !!

...

And, ASSUMING that we may have about 30/ 50/ 70/ 100 LAKH such motors, installed throughout the country.

Then... the NET ELECTRICAL POWER WASTAGE on a DAILY basis is...


@ 30 lakhs ( 30,000,000 ) motors
This becomes = 540 KW X 30,000,000 = 16200 GW


@ 50 lakhs ( 50,000,000 ) motors
This becomes = 540 KW X 50,000,000 = 27000 GW


@ 70 lakhs ( 70,000,000 ) motors
This becomes = 540 KW X 70,000,000 = 37800 GW


@ 100 lakhs ( 100,000,000 ) motors
This becomes = 540 KW X 100,000,000 = 54000 GW

Above is... the NET ELECTRICAL POWER WASTAGE on a DAILY basis.

( Have deliberately kept the KWH calculations aside, so that everyone can understand. )

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...
...

OBSERVATION -

Using some mean and averages...

We have seen ( see NOTE-1 above ) that for powering 10,000 villages...

The DAILY AVERAGE ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENT is...

= 32,400 Giga Watts <- NOTE-1


Contrarily...
if we take that our country has ( say ) 50 LAKHs electrical jet pumps wherein the DAILY AVERAGE POWER WASTAGE is...

= 27,000 GW ( as arrived at earlier )

( In a population of 128 crores, 50 lakhs is actually a conservative estimate. )

Above is just an attempt to quantify the HUGE amount of electrical power losses on a DAILY basis, on account of human latency.

...

Average aggregate daily/ yearly water losses is quantified as earlier.

The civic authorities MUST stop this massive wastage.

...
...
...


I guesstimate ( using obsolete idea ) that the same DUAL MODULE wireless system ( the sort of one described as earlier ) may cost something like INR 170.

The best design, that is, if mass produced in India.
( The design and development costs for the prototype are excluded. )

If outsourced to a private party... this might cost something like INR 2000 to the exchequer...nay the Govt. ... actually the people !!

YES !! YES !! TRUE !! ( Again... this is, but, a raw guesstimate. )

So... in effect, everyone gets to make some... 'MAAAAAL'.

But... if we get the same stuff from China. It may cost us about INR 100 or even much less !! ( This is the thought that rings in mE head ).

( Say... we provide them the best design/ solution and let them manufacture and transport to us.
Their quote maybe something like... say, any of - INR 90/ 100/ 110 !! )


Now... time for a SUGGESTION -
The GoI must announce a prize bounty in all the Engg./ Science Colleges...
In the IT hubs, etc. a clear crafted set of requirements for the problem and resolution to be sought thereof.

With a prize money of say -

1) First prize  - INR 2.0 crores,
2) Second prize - INR 1.5 crores, &
3) Third prize  - INR 1.0 crores.
For the BEST efficient and effective design/ methodology.

And, am sure some Engg./ Science College Profs. or students and even others in the industry might be able to dish out some pretty smart and unique solution.

Authorities may potentially take this as one of the steps towards water, electricity conservation.

END POINT -
The electricity departments MUST ensure that all the households using electric jet pumps MUST have these- uniqely paired dual-module electro-mechanical systems having wireless communications capacity.

This surely helps in water, electricity conservation.

The authorities may take note of this issue and one of the potential solutions suggested.

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...
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CASE 2

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More on water conservation

On river inter-linking...

River inter-linking might be a DUD idea. Involving a huge amount of money and resources. < This is - my take !! >

For the simple reason that a huge amount of CAPEX is to be made ( PRIMARY concern ).

And... the structual changes ( say - canals, etc. ) made will be permanent structures ( SECONDARY concern ). Does this take into consideration the natural flow of water and the terrain involved ?

Say, from point A to point B. From point B to Point C. From point A to point C... etc. etc. ??

And, perhaps the cost of making permanent structural changes... trying to beat or bypass gravity ??

For...  water surely does seeks its own level...

The way they might try out doing it ... mindlessly constructing canals... as a conduit to free flowing water... does not sound way too good.

Is this really warranted ? The best possible idea and solution thereof ?

...

So, here suggesting something of an idea that keeps on flashing back onto me....

AT THE OUTSET, HERE...
I am not sure but I do guess that nuclear powered vehicles may be a cheaper option to fossil fuel. This thought recurs again and again.

We must develop our own nuclear technology to the fullest. The way we intend to use nuclear engines in building indigenous submarines.

Similarily we must be able to use similar nuclear based engines to power - HUGE earth excavators.

So much so that...
The types we see in mine excavation sites must look puny in comparison.

Again... these excavators must be having design that manadates an assembly/ dis-assembly facility.

So, a 40-50-60 tonne nuclear powered excavator working in tandem with a smaller bodied nuclear powered truck... say one that can ferry 20-30-40
tonnes of excavated earth at one go can work wonders.

This dual vechiles working in tandem, might go a long way in solving quite a few of our critical problems.

...

IMPORTANT -
Read over the internet that quite a few of our nuclear scientists keep on turning up dead mysteriously. Yet our deshbhakt media keeps silent on this issue. Even our nationalistic Government !!

What's the matter ?

...

I guess - 5-8-10 years down the line we must be in a position to make use of thorium based power in a big way. Whatever it takes.

...

Now...
these same nuclear-powered earth excavators may be used to dig out huge holes in the earth i.e. basically huge water tanks in the vicinity of the rivers. All along the river's course.
At critical points down the river's flow... till before the point the river meets the sea.

Say - what about every 5/ 10/ 20 kms on one side.

So...

Every 5/ 10/ 20/ 35 km down the prominent rivers we have huge water tanks. Alternating on the two sides.

Say...
left bank has tank every 'x' km ; then after another 'x'/2 kms. the right side of the river has a water tank.

Something like...

0     0     0     0
===================
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...
===================
   0     0     0

The size of the tanks could be something like -

Length(m) X Width(m) X Depth(m)

1. 100 X 100 X 10
2. 100 X 100 X 50
3. 200 X 100 X 50
4. 200 X 150 X 40
5. 300 X 200 X 35

etc. etc.

Now, there MUST be some intricate network of ( possibly dismantle-able ) conduits i.e. pipelines leading out from these tanks in a network of
arteries and veins.

These conduits could be made out of concrete ( majorly ) or recyclable stuff like used plastic and used tyres ( in places ) - say.

These conduits or pipelines could be circular in shape; and size could be -
Diameter = 1.0 or 1.5 or 2.0 or 3.0 meter ( say ).

And, along this pipeline there must be minor outlets ( akin to veins , say diameter = 40/ 50/ 60/ 80 cms ) that basically channelize the water out all along the way.

And, there MUST be huge valves for the opening/ closure of smaller vein like pipes. Basically controlling and regulating the outflow from the very main arterial backbone.

This ability may/ must be the corner stone of the river ?? "so-called" ?? inter-linking ??


IMPORTANTLY -
There could possibly be an element of using huge electric motors ( say partly powered by wind &/ or solar energy ) to power any of these channelized water flow ( having adequate force ) EITHER to beat or aid gravity.

This enables water to be channelized to much greater distace at a quicker rate... compared to the natural flow of water.

And... water can be moved around in a finely laid out grid network to far off places rather than nearby.


Point I am making is...
let's say some area(s) of the North Bihar or part(s) of Assam are under flood conditions.
Or... there is a met. dept. prediction of hevay rainfalls lasting days over/ after the next 24-48 hours.

Then... using meteorological predictions i.e. weather forecasting the water may be sucked up from any of these huge water tanks ( which are anyways, in turn,
connected to the nearby river ).

Thereby reducing the water levels to some extent in these rivers way in advance.

This might also helps in prevention or controlling of the floods. To a certain limited extent.

The same water may land up in any part of the country as deemed fit.

This way... parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan may be made green(er).

The water has to be put onto a grid of huge pipelines traversing the length and breadth of the country.

In arterial => vein form, format and scale.

...

Intricately laid out complex grid of water-pipes.

These may go on to i.e. be smartly used to recharge the ground water table, as well.

Now... not sure how feasible allthis might be and how cost effective.

That aspect needs to be looked at and worked out.

Needs a very comprehensive study of the whole topography and the underlying aquifers.

A real complex work indeed. And, a real challenge too !!

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CASE 3 -


Sugarcane is quite a water intensive crop.
The govt. may try to ensure that sugarcane is cultivated near the vicinity of major water bodies i.e. adjacent to rivers alone.

Say withn 3-5 kms from the main bodies of major perennial rivers. Especially... in low lying areas.

This way the ground water table would not be much drastically affected. And, the same may be replenished easier; esp. so for perennial rivers.

Add to that- sugarcane cultivation must be discouraged near major towns and cities.

Say within a radius of 15/ 30/ 40/ 50 km from the town center. These already have a huge water burden.

Else the receding speed of the ground water table level might get accelerated.

Additionally...
Authorities must encourage palm, date, coconut based sugar and honey.

Any of these ORGANIC products SURE DOES have huge domestic and overseas export market potential.

Overseas market alone might top much more than USD 10+ billions per annum of exports.

This may turn out to be a small scale industry success story.


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CASE 4 -


In medium to large apartments as well as well laid out townships that have intricately planned drainage and sewerage systems...

There may be a look at the need for having a totally separate inlet water supply for the flushes used in the... urinals + toilets.
( There must be a fresh need to distinguish between the two )

This water is meant for usage in flushing purposes ALONE.

The toilet + separate stand-alone ( urinals ) must have separate pipe network. For inlet to the flush tanks as well as outlet ( urinals alone ).

...

Now...
Everyday everyone uses the urinals many more times than we use the toilet for #2. Yet... again and again we flush the toilets. And, the same water goes down
the drain into the sewerage system.

This way... lots of "GOOD GRADE" water is actually wasted.

Not too good an approach... is it ?

What about each housing unit/ apartment must have specially constructed urinals/ commodes ( perhaps - similar or different; either for - male &\or female usage ) through which only fluid ( say urine, water ) can pass thru'.

Then on... using a separate outgoing pipe that is connected to a network of outgoing pipeline leading to a huge tank reservoir.

The diluted urine can be treated here ( by some chemical or electro-chemical process ). The result of which... an odourless, almost clear, chemically treated water is got.

The same is recycled. Stored in another tank. Recycled water from this tank may be used for supplying to a separate storage tank atop the building.

Now... this tank goes on to provide water supply meant for flushing the commodes in the toilets. As also the urinals.

In all the buildings, apartments and housing units.

...
...

Here...
Just a bit of Stats... to get a raw IDEA.

Supposing that any medium sized housing society or apartment complex has 200 housing units.

And... each unit has 4 members, on an average.

So... a total of = 200 X 4 = 800 members.

Now... say... each member uses the urinals for 5 - 8 times every day ( on an average ).

And, any flush/ half-flush wastes = 10 litres of water, every time.

Then... we are looking at...

So... all the members in the housing society or apartment complex waste something like...

= 800 X 10 X ( 5 - 8 ) litres per day = 8000 X ( 5 - 8 ) litres per day

= 40,000 - 64,000 litres per DAY just for flushing the urinals !!

CAN ANYONE IMAGINE THE AMOUNT OF WATER WASTED EVERY YEAR, THIS WAY !!


CALCULATE pleaJJe !!  CHIEF !!


OK !! Let me help... nay elaborate...

= 365 X 40,000 - 365 X 64,000 litres every year only for flushing the urinals.

= 14,600,000 to 23,360,000 litres wasted every year on the pisses alone !!

...

I suggest that this same highly diluted urine can be recycled again and using some electro-mechanical + electro-chemical process to reclaim the clear odorless chemically treated water.
Which, in turn, shall be further used again for the toilet flushing purposes ALONE.

In effect - I am suggesting that the toilet FLUSHES MUST have a separate water supply system. This includes the pipelining, as well.

People may have problems with that !!  May be as of today !

...

This may sound laughable. But, I believe that 7-10 years down the line.
This might become the norm in major land-locked cities like Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad, etc. The way they are going up the development indices.
And their water supply is depleting at twice the speed.

Trust me on this.

This small step may duly add to water conZervASSion nay conservation aka preservation ! to some certain extent.

So... norms for housing societies and apartment complexes might be in the offing.


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CASE 5 -


NEED FOR SMART RECLAIMABLE (NANO)BIO-DETERGENTs

This is written for Chemical + Electrical experts ( like ze Chief !? )

Let me see if Ze Chief is able to figure this out... or perhaps get his cats ( ?? what type ?? ) to get their brains whacking out on this.

...

Every year... the world over... tens of thousands of tonnes of clothe washing powder/ detergents are used.

And...
These are un-reclaimable. Goes down the drain... these chemicals go on to add on to the water pollution existent in the drain water.
All this flows down and joins our river bodies at some place.

These chemicals are... perhaps... major source of city effluents that guts on to the nearby rivers.

...

Now...
Since almost 10/ 20/ 30 years we are now getting accustomed to using washing machines ( either of automatic or semi automatic variety ).

These washing machines have - wash, rinse and spin cycles as part of the washing process.

In these electric washing machines... after washing clothes the same is rinsed with water and the water is drained out.

This effectively removes the dissolved detergent powder and the dirt/ grime out.

After a few rinse cycles the cloth is spun at high speed to remove the water using centrifugal action acting on the water soaked clothes.

NOTE-
Generally there is only one steel drum that is used to complete all the three process iterations. In some instances ( say a semi-automatic machine ) there possibly are other adjoining spinnning drums that caters to the rinse and spin cycles.


QUESTION/ REQUIREMENTS -

Is it possible to have a specially manufactured nano-particles based detergent ? Which might have some unique electro-magnetic/ electro-chemical i.e. charge based characteristics ?

And, IS human ( skin ) friendly too ?

So that... after one or two of the rinse cycles ( say )... the detergent-laden dirty water is led to another adjoining chamber.

Herein, using some special ( ?? ) irradiation technology and some sort of ionisation or magnetisation process...

the dirt/ grime settles down at the bottom.

So...
the dissolved nano-detergent powder is somehow reclaimed. And thru' loopback mechanism is restored back into the main washing machine.

Essentially... we do NOT lose out the washing detergent liquid/ powder ... i.e. it is NOT wasted down with/ as drain water.

Again...  the dirt grime can be highly IONISED to make these coalesce together as some sort of scum that is passed onto another chamber.

This scum/ sludge keeps on getting ADDED up ( say ). 

( This can be manually or automatically removed and cleaned once in a while )

And... what about the possibility of...
the water left in the chamber can be recycled, re-filtered and may be used again for washing, rinsing purpose ?

This part as well as CASE 4 is written...

keeping in mind... the arid/ desert locales devoid of water most part of the year.

Where there ois huge water shortage/ crisis.


 
 END POINT -

Hope that any of these pointers are found useful / helpful.

And, goes on to provoke the right kind of thoughts in the right kind of heads.

Wrong ones... pleaJJE excuZi.

Thanks.


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